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Science 25 March 1994:
Vol. 263. no. 5154, pp. 1747 - 1751
DOI: 10.1126/science.263.5154.1747
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Articles

Changes in Atmospheric Circulation and Ocean Ice Cover over the North Atlantic During the Last 41,000 Years

P. A. Mayewski 1, L. D. Meeker 1, S. Whitlow 1, M. S. Twickler 1, M. C. Morrison 1, P. Bloomfield 2, G. C. Bond 3, R. B. Alley 4, A. J. Gow 5, D. A. Meese 5, P. M. Grootes 6, M. Ram 7, K. C. Taylor 8, and W. Wumkes 9

1 Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
2 Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8203, USA.
3 Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
4 Earth System Science Center and Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
5 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
6 Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
7 Department of Physics, University of Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260, USA.
8 Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada System, Reno, NV 89506, USA.
9 Polar Ice Coring Office, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.

High-resolution, continuous multivariate chemical records from a central Greenland ice core provide a sensitive measure of climate change and chemical composition of the atmosphere over the last 41,000 years. These chemical series reveal a record of change in the relative size and intensity of the circulation system that transported air masses to Greenland [defined here as the polar circulation index (PCI)] and in the extent of ocean ice cover. Massive iceberg discharge events previously defined from the marine record are correlated with notable expansions of ocean ice cover and increases in PCI. During stadials without discharge events, ocean ice cover appears to reach some common maximum level. The massive aerosol loadings and dramatic variations in ocean ice cover documented in ice cores should be included in climate modeling.

Submitted on June 15, 1993
Accepted on February 2, 1994


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