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Science 18 February 1994:
Vol. 263. no. 5149, pp. 966 - 969
DOI: 10.1126/science.7906055

Articles

Science, Vol 263, Issue 5149, 966-969
Copyright © 1994 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Agmatine: an endogenous clonidine-displacing substance in the brain

G Li, S Regunathan, CJ Barrow, J Eshraghi, R Cooper, and DJ Reis

Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.

Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug, binds to alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors. The endogenous ligand for imidazoline receptors may be a clonidine-displacing substance, a small molecule isolated from bovine brain. This clonidine-displacing substance was purified and determined by mass spectroscopy to be agmatine (decarboxylated arginine), heretofore not detected in brain. Agmatine binds to alpha 2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors and stimulates release of catecholamines from adrenal chromaffin cells. Its biosynthetic enzyme, arginine decarboxylase, is present in brain. Agmatine, locally synthesized, is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptors, a noncatecholamine ligand at alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and may act as a neurotransmitter.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
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The contribution of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors in peripheral imidazoline and adrenoceptor agonist-induced nociception..
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Protective effect of agmatine on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia: Temporal evolution on perfusion MR imaging and histopathologic findings..
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Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis: Genetic and Physiological Evidence.
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Relevance of Imidazoline Receptors and Agmatine to Psychiatry: A Decade of Progress.
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Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Agmatine Synthesis in Macrophages and Astrocytes.
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Vertebrate Agmatinases: What Role Do They Play in Agmatine Catabolism?.
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Structure-Activity Analysis of Guanidine Group in Agmatine for Brain Agmatinase.
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Agmatine Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier.
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 64-74
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Effect of Agmatine on Acute and Mononeuropathic Pain.
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 106-115
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Spinal and Supraspinal Agmatine Activate Different Receptors to Enhance Spinal Morphine Antinociception.
S. C. ROERIG (2003)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 116-126
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Is Agmatine an Endogenous Anxiolytic/Antidepressant Agent?.
F. ARICIOGLU and H. ALTUNBAS (2003)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 136-140
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Agmatine Inhibits Naloxone-Induced Contractions in Morphine-Dependent Guinea Pig Ileum.
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 147-151
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Endogenous {beta}-Carbolines as Clonidine-Displacing Substances.
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 157-166
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 175-179
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No Evidence for Activation of {alpha}2-Adrenoceptors by Methanolic Extracts of Bovine Brain and Lung Containing Clonidine-Displacing Substance.
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Endogenous Imidazoline Receptor Ligands Relax Rat Aorta by an Endothelium-Dependent Mechanism.
I. F. MUSGRAVE, A. VAN DER ZYPP, M. GRIGG, and C. J. BARROW (2003)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 222-227
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The Effects of Chronic Administration of Inhibitors of Flavin and Quinone Amine Oxidases on Imidazoline I1 Receptor Density in Rat Whole Brain.
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Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1009, 309-322
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Modification of Noradrenaline Release in Pithed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by I1-Binding Sites in Addition to alpha 2-Adrenoceptors.
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Agmatine Is Efficiently Transported by Non-Neuronal Monoamine Transporters Extraneuronal Monoamine Transporter (EMT) and Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2).
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Effects of Polyamines on the Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Gonadotropins in Developing Female Rats.
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Cloning of human agmatinase. An alternate path for polyamine synthesis induced in liver by hepatitis B virus.
S. K. Mistry, T. J. Burwell, R. M. Chambers, L. Rudolph-Owen, F. Spaltmann, W. J. Cook, and S. M. Morris Jr (2002)
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Polyamine transport system mediates agmatine transport in mammalian cells.
J. Satriano, M. Isome, R. A. Casero Jr., S. C. Thomson, and R. C. Blantz (2001)
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Regulation of Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity and Polyamine Transport by Agmatine in Rat Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells.
P. Babál, M. Ruchko, C. C. Campbell, S. P. Gilmour, J. L. Mitchell, J. W. Olson, and M. N. Gillespie (2001)
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The Effect of Agmatine Administration on Ischemic-Reperfused Isolated Rat Heart.
S. Greenberg, J. George, Y. Wollman, I. Shapira, S. Laniado, and G. Keren (2001)
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6, 37-45
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Nitric Oxide and Central Antihypertensive Drugs : One More Difference Between Catecholamines and Imidazolines.
G. Y. Sy, V. Bruban, P. Bousquet, and J. Feldman (2001)
Hypertension 37, 246-249
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Agmatine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Improves Renal Function in Anti--Thy-1 Glomerulonephritis.
S. ISHIZUKA, R. CUNARD, S. POUCELL-HATTON, L. WEAD, M. LORTIE, S. C. THOMSON, F. B. GABBAI, J. SATRIANO, and R. C. BLANTZ (2000)
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11, 2256-2264
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Agmatine reverses pain induced by inflammation, neuropathy, and spinal cord injury.
C. A. Fairbanks, K. L. Schreiber, K. L. Brewer, C.-G. Yu, L. S. Stone, K. F. Kitto, H. O. Nguyen, B. M. Grocholski, D. W. Shoeman, L. J. Kehl, et al. (2000)
PNAS 97, 10584-10589
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Catabolism of arginine and ornithine in the perfused rat liver: effect of dietary protein and of glucagon.
D. O'Sullivan, J. T. Brosnan, and M. E. Brosnan (2000)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278, E516-E521
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Pharmacologic Characterization of Imidazoline Receptor Proteins Identified by Immunologic Techniques and Other Methods.
P. V. ESCRIBA, A. OZAITA, and J. A. GARCIA-SEVILLA (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 8-25
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The I1-Imidazoline Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling Pathways.
P. ERNSBERGER (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 35-53
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Agmatine: An Endogenous Ligand at Imidazoline Receptors Is a Novel Neurotransmitter.
D. J. REIS and S. REGUNATHAN (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 65-80
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Comparison of Crude Methanolic CDS Extracts from Various Tissues.
C. A. PARKER, A. L. HUDSON, D. J. NUTT, M. P. DILLON, R. M. EGLEN, and J. CROSBY (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 92-96
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Effects of Agmatine on the Cardiovascular System of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
U. SCHAFER, W. RAASCH, F. QADRI, J. CHUN, and P. DOMINIAK (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 97-101
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Pharmacologic and Molecular Discrimination of I2-Imidazoline Receptor Subtypes.
G. OLMOS, R. ALEMANY, M. A. BORONAT, and J. A. GARCIA-SEVILLA (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 144-160
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Imidazoline-Receptor Binding Sites in Cortex and Medulla of the Bovine Adrenal Gland: Colocalization with MAO-A and MAO-B.
P. R. KING, A. L GUNDLACH, and W. J. LOUIS (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 161-170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Imidazoline (I2) Binding Sites in Chicken Brain.
T. C. DANBURY, B. RUBAN, A. L. HUDSON, A. E. WATERMAN-PEARSON, and S. C. KESTIN (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 189-192
   Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of MAO Activity by Imidazoline and Guanidine Derivatives.
W. RAASCH, H. MUHLE, and P. DOMINIAK (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 313-331
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Imidazoline Recognition Sites and Stomach Function.
G. J. MOLDERINGS, M. BURIAN, S. MENZEL, K. DONECKER, J. HOMANN, M. NILIUS, and M. GOTHERT (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 332-343
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasma Agmatine and Platelet Imidazoline Receptors in Depression.
A. HALARIS, H. ZHU, Y. FENG, and J. E. PILETZ (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, 445-451
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Preface.
M. GOTHERT, G. J. MOLDERINGS, and D. J. REIS (1999)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 881, xiii
   Full Text »    PDF »
Agmatine Selectively Blocks the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Subclass of Glutamate Receptor Channels in Rat Hippocampal Neurons.
X.-C. Yang and D. J. Reis (1999)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288, 544-549
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Effect of Agmatine on Ischemic and Nonischemic Isolated Rat Heart.
S. Greenberg, A. Finkelstein, J. Gurevich, E. Brazowski, F. Rosenfeld, I. Shapira, J. George, S. Laniado, and G. Keren (1999)
Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 4, 151-158
   Abstract »    PDF »
Stress, Aging, and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms.
J. BUSCIGLIO, J. K. ANDERSEN, H. M. SCHIPPER, G. M. GILAD, R. McCARTY, F. MARZATICO, and O. TOUSSAINT (1998)
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 851, 429-443
   Full Text »    PDF »
Agmatine Suppresses Proliferation by Frameshift Induction of Antizyme and Attenuation of Cellular Polyamine Levels.
J. Satriano, S. Matsufuji, Y. Murakami, M. J. Lortie, D. Schwartz, C. J. Kelly, S.-i. Hayashi, and R. C. Blantz (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 15313-15316
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of I2 Imidazoline and sigma  Binding Sites in the Rat and Human Stomach.
G. J. Molderings, K. Donecker, M. Burian, W. A. Simon, D. W. Schröder, and M. Göthert (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 285, 170-177
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Tyramine and Vanadate Synergistically Stimulate Glucose Transport in Rat Adipocytes by Amine Oxidase-Dependent Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide.
L. Marti, N. Morin, G. Enrique-Tarancon, D. Prevot, M. Lafontan, X. Testar, A. Zorzano, and C. Carpéné (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 285, 342-349
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Intracellular Signaling Pathways Confer Specificity of Transactivation by Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptors.
S. S. Lim-Tio and P. J. Fuller (1998)
Endocrinology 139, 1653-1661
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of Alpha-2 Adrenoceptors in the Effects of Moxonidine on Intestinal Motility and Fluid Transport.
L. Liu and I. M. Coupar (1997)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283, 1367-1374
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The imidazoline receptor in control of blood pressure by clonidine and allied drugs.
D. J. Reis and J. E. Piletz (1997)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 273, R1569-R1571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Is the hypotensive effect of clonidine and related drugs due to imidazoline binding sites?.
P. G. Guyenet (1997)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 273, R1580-R1584
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acute Tolerance To Spinally Administered Morphine Compares Mechanistically with Chronically Induced Morphine Tolerance.
C. A. Fairbanks and G. L. Wilcox (1997)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 282, 1408-1417
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Stimulation of Imidazoline Receptors Inhibits Proliferation of Human Coronary Artery Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
S. Regunathan and D. J. Reis (1997)
Hypertension 30, 295-300
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Clonidine and ST-91 May Activate Imidazoline Binding Sites in the Heart to Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.
S. Mukaddam-Daher, C. Lambert, and J. Gutkowska (1997)
Hypertension 30, 83-87
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Aminoguanidine Ameliorates and L-Arginine Worsens Brain Damage From Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.
F. Zhang, R. M. Casey, M. E. Ross, and C. Iadecola (1996)
Stroke 27, 317-323
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Discriminative stimulus produced by the imidazoline I2 site ligand, 2 -BFI.
S. Jordan, H.C. Jackson, D.J. Nutt, and S.L. Handley (1996)
J Psychopharmacol 10, 273-278
   Abstract »    PDF »
Imidazoline/Guanidinium Binding Domains on Monoamine Oxidases.
R. Raddatz, A. Parini, and S. M. Lanier (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27961-27968
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Localization of I[IMAGE]-Imidazoline Binding Sites on Monoamine Oxidases.
F.édér. Tesson, I. Limon-Boulez, P. Urban, M. Puype, J. Vandekerckhove, I. Coupry, D. Pompon, and A. Parini (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 9856-9861
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identifying clonidine-displacing substance.
D Atlas (1994)
Science 266, 462-464
   PDF »
Response.
D. J. Reis, G. Li, S. Regunathan, C. J. Barrow, and R. Cooper (1994)
Science 266, 463-464
   PDF »



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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)