Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.
Phire Hot Start DNA Polymerase

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 26 November 1993:
Vol. 262. no. 5138, pp. 1407 - 1413
DOI: 10.1126/science.8248780
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 262, Issue 5138, 1407-1413
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase

W Ross, KK Gosink, J Salomon, K Igarashi, C Zou, A Ishihama, K Severinov, and RL Gourse

Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.

A DNA sequence rich in (A+T), located upstream of the -10, -35 region of the Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1 and called the UP element, stimulates transcription by a factor of 30 in vivo, as well as in vitro in the absence of protein factors other than RNA polymerase (RNAP). When fused to other promoters, such as lacUV5, the UP element also stimulates transcription, indicating that it is a separate promoter module. Mutations in the carboxyl-terminal region of the alpha subunit of RNAP prevent stimulation of these promoters by the UP element although the mutant enzymes are effective in transcribing the "core" promoters (those lacking the UP element). Protection of UP element DNA by the mutant RNAPs is severely reduced in footprinting experiments, suggesting that the selective decrease in transcription might result from defective interactions between alpha and the UP element. Purified alpha binds specifically to the UP element, confirming that alpha acts directly in promoter recognition. Transcription of three other promoters was also reduced by the COOH-terminal alpha mutations. These results suggest that UP elements comprise a third promoter recognition region (in addition to the -10, -35 recognition hexamers, which interact with the sigma subunit) and may account for the presence of (A+T)-rich DNA upstream of many prokaryotic promoters. Since the same alpha mutations also block activation by some transcription factors, mechanisms of promoter stimulation by upstream DNA elements and positive control by certain transcription factors may be related.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Large-scale computational and statistical analyses of high transcription potentialities in 32 prokaryotic genomes.
C. Sinoquet, S. Demey, and F. Braun (2008)
Nucleic Acids Res. 36, 3332-3340
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The UP Element Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Growth Rate-Dependent Control of the Escherichia coli guaB Promoter.
S. I. Husnain and M. S. Thomas (2008)
J. Bacteriol. 190, 2450-2457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin expression by IS1301 and orfA.
L. M. Schaeffer, M. L. Schmidt, and D. R. Demuth (2008)
Microbiology 154, 528-538
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modeling DNA-binding of Escherichia coli {sigma}70 exhibits a characteristic energy landscape around strong promoters.
J. Weindl, P. Hanus, Z. Dawy, J. Zech, J. Hagenauer, and J. C. Mueller (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, 7003-7010
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Controls Regulate the Expression of mobE, an HNH Homing Endonuclease Gene Embedded within a Ribonucleotide Reductase Gene of Phage Aeh1.
E. A. Gibb and D. R. Edgell (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 4648-4661
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing Regulator VqsR.
L.-L. Li, J. E. Malone, and B. H. Iglewski (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 4367-4374
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an AU-rich Translational Enhancer within the Escherichia coli fepB Leader RNA.
I. G. Hook-Barnard, T. J. Brickman, and M. A. McIntosh (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 4028-4037
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Eukaryotic-Type Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase StkP Is a Global Regulator of Gene Expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
L. Saskova, L. Novakova, M. Basler, and P. Branny (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 4168-4179
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Real-time footprinting of DNA in the first kinetically significant intermediate in open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
C. A. Davis, C. A. Bingman, R. Landick, M. T. Record Jr., and R. M. Saecker (2007)
PNAS 104, 7833-7838
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coordinated High-Light Response of Genes Encoding Subunits of Photosystem I Is Achieved by AT-Rich Upstream Sequences in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803.
M. Muramatsu and Y. Hihara (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 2750-2758
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The HP0165-HP0166 Two-Component System (ArsRS) Regulates Acid-Induced Expression of HP1186 {alpha}-Carbonic Anhydrase in Helicobacter pylori by Activating the pH-Dependent Promoter.
Y. Wen, J. Feng, D. R. Scott, E. A. Marcus, and G. Sachs (2007)
J. Bacteriol. 189, 2426-2434
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A pHMM-ANN based discriminative approach to promoter identification in prokaryote genomic contexts.
S. Mann, J. Li, and Y.-P. P. Chen (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, e12
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LexA Represses CTX{Phi} Transcription by Blocking Access of the {alpha} C-terminal Domain of RNA Polymerase to Promoter DNA.
M. Quinones, H. H. Kimsey, W. Ross, R. L. Gourse, and M. K. Waldor (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 39407-39412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Selective Promoter Recognition by Chlamydial {sigma}28 Holoenzyme.
L. Shen, X. Feng, Y. Yuan, X. Luo, T. P. Hatch, K. T. Hughes, J. S. Liu, and Y.-x. Zhang (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 7364-7377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulon and promoter analysis of the E. coli heat-shock factor, {sigma}32, reveals a multifaceted cellular response to heat stress..
G. Nonaka, M. Blankschien, C. Herman, C. A. Gross, and V. A. Rhodius (2006)
Genes & Dev. 20, 1776-1789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of High-light-responsive Promoters of the psaAB Genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
M. Muramatsu and Y. Hihara (2006)
Plant Cell Physiol. 47, 878-890
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Analysis of Escherichia coli Heat Shock Transcription Factor Sigma 32 Reveals Similarities with Sigma 70 in Recognition of the -35 Promoter Element and Differences in Promoter DNA Melting and -10 Recognition.
O. V. Kourennaia, L. Tsujikawa, and P. L. deHaseth (2005)
J. Bacteriol. 187, 6762-6769
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From The Cover: Real-time characterization of intermediates in the pathway to open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the T7A1 promoter.
B. Sclavi, E. Zaychikov, A. Rogozina, F. Walther, M. Buckle, and H. Heumann (2005)
PNAS 102, 4706-4711
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The mechanism of upstream activation in the rrnB operon of Mycobacterium smegmatis is different from the Escherichia coli paradigm.
K. B. Arnvig, B. Gopal, K. G. Papavinasasundaram, R. A. Cox, and M. J. Colston (2005)
Microbiology 151, 467-473
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effects of upstream DNA on open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
C. A. Davis, M. W. Capp, M. T. Record Jr, and R. M. Saecker (2005)
PNAS 102, 285-290
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequence-independent upstream DNA-{alpha}CTD interactions strongly stimulate Escherichia coli RNA polymerase-lacUV5 promoter association.
W. Ross and R. L. Gourse (2005)
PNAS 102, 291-296
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Negative Regulation of DNA Repair Gene (ung) Expression by the CpxR/CpxA Two-Component System in Escherichia coli K-12 and Induction of Mutations by Increased Expression of CpxR.
H. Ogasawara, J. Teramoto, K. Hirao, K. Yamamoto, A. Ishihama, and R. Utsumi (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 8317-8325
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Binding of the C-Terminal Domain of the {alpha} Subunit of RNA Polymerase to the Phage Mu Middle Promoter.
J. Ma and M. M. Howe (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 7858-7864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{sigma}S-Dependent Gene Expression at the Onset of Stationary Phase in Escherichia coli: Function of {sigma}S-Dependent Genes and Identification of Their Promoter Sequences.
S. Lacour and P. Landini (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 7186-7195
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Arginine Regulatory Protein Mediates Repression by Arginine of the Operons Encoding Glutamate Synthase and Anabolic Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
S. Hashim, D.-H. Kwon, A. Abdelal, and C.-D. Lu (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 3848-3854
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanism of Stimulation of Ribosomal Promoters by Binding of the +1 and +2 Nucleotides.
C. M. Lew and J. D. Gralla (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 19481-19485
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A mutant spacer sequence between -35 and -10 elements makes the Plac promoter hyperactive and cAMP receptor protein-independent.
M. Liu, M. Tolstorukov, V. Zhurkin, S. Garges, and S. Adhya (2004)
PNAS 101, 6911-6916
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Bacillus subtilis Response Regulator Spo0A Stimulates {sigma}A-Dependent Transcription Prior to the Major Energetic Barrier.
S. D. Seredick and G. B. Spiegelman (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 17397-17403
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Relevance of UP elements for three strong Bacillus subtilis phage {phi}29 promoters.
W. J. J. Meijer and M. Salas (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 1166-1176
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanism of Transcription Activation at the comG Promoter by the Competence Transcription Factor ComK of Bacillus subtilis.
K. A. Susanna, A. F. van der Werff, C. D. den Hengst, B. Calles, M. Salas, G. Venema, L. W. Hamoen, and O. P. Kuipers (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 1120-1128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Analysis of the Myxococcus xanthus {Omega}4400 Promoter Region Provides Insight into Developmental Gene Regulation by C Signaling.
D. R. Yoder and L. Kroos (2004)
J. Bacteriol. 186, 661-671
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fis Stabilizes the Interaction between RNA Polymerase and the Ribosomal Promoter rrnB P1, Leading to Transcriptional Activation.
H. Zhi, X. Wang, J. E. Cabrera, R. C. Johnson, and D. J. Jin (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 47340-47349
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spx-dependent global transcriptional control is induced by thiol-specific oxidative stress in Bacillus subtilis.
S. Nakano, E. Kuster-Schock, A. D. Grossman, and P. Zuber (2003)
PNAS 100, 13603-13608
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Changes in Escherichia coli rRNA Promoter Activity Correlate with Changes in Initiating Nucleoside Triphosphate and Guanosine 5' Diphosphate 3'-Diphosphate Concentrations after Induction of Feedback Control of Ribosome Synthesis.
D. A. Schneider and R. L. Gourse (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 6185-6191
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles for Inhibitory Interactions in the Use of the-10 Promoter Element by {sigma}70 Holoenzyme.
M. S. Fenton and J. D. Gralla (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 39669-39674
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Positive and Negative cis-Acting Regulatory Sequences Control Expression of Leukotoxin in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 652.
C. Mitchell, L. Gao, and D. R. Demuth (2003)
Infect. Immun. 71, 5640-5649
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and analysis of 'extended -10' promoters in Escherichia coli.
J. E. Mitchell, D. Zheng, S. J. W. Busby, and S. D. Minchin (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 4689-4695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
On the Role of the Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase {sigma}70 Region 4.2 and {alpha}-Subunit C-terminal Domains in Promoter Complex Formation on the Extended -10 galP1 Promoter.
L. Minakhin and K. Severinov (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29710-29718
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recruitment of {sigma}54-RNA Polymerase to the Pu Promoter of Pseudomonas putida through Integration Host Factor-mediated Positioning Switch of {alpha} Subunit Carboxyl-terminal Domain on an UP-like Element.
R. Macchi, L. Montesissa, K. Murakami, A. Ishihama, V. de Lorenzo, and G. Bertoni (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 27695-27702
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of DNA bases and backbone on {sigma}70 holoenzyme binding and isomerization using fork junction probes.
M. S. Fenton and J. D. Gralla (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 2745-2750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An intersubunit contact stimulating transcription initiation by E. coli RNA polymerase: interaction of the alpha C-terminal domain and sigma region 4.
W. Ross, D. A. Schneider, B. J. Paul, A. Mertens, and R. L. Gourse (2003)
Genes & Dev. 17, 1293-1307
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A regulatory protein that interferes with activator-stimulated transcription in bacteria.
S. Nakano, M. M. Nakano, Y. Zhang, M. Leelakriangsak, and P. Zuber (2003)
PNAS 100, 4233-4238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an Unknown Promoter, OUTIIp, within the IS10R Element.
E. Martinez-Garcia, J. M. Navarro-Llorens, and A. Tormo (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 2046-2050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the Escherichia coli rrnB P2 Promoter.
H. D. Murray, J. A. Appleman, and R. L. Gourse (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 28-34
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of mutations in the Staphylococcus aureus clfB promoter leading to increased expression.
F. M. McAleese and T. J. Foster (2003)
Microbiology 149, 99-109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional analysis of the 5' terminus of the flp fimbrial gene cluster from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.
E. M. Haase, J. O. Stream, and F. A. Scannapieco (2003)
Microbiology 149, 205-215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unique Architecture of the Plastid Ribosomal RNA Operon Promoter Recognized by the Multisubunit RNA Polymerase in Tobacco and Other Higher Plants.
J. Y. Suzuki, P. Sriraman, Z. Svab, and P. Maliga (2003)
PLANT CELL 15, 195-205
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and Characterization of Novel Surface Proteins in Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus gasseri.
M. Ventura, I. Jankovic, D. C. Walker, R. D. Pridmore, and R. Zink (2002)
Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 68, 6172-6181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The curved DNA structure in the 5'-upstream region of the light-responsive genes: its universality, binding factor and function for cyanobacterial psbA transcription.
M. Asayama, H. Kato, J. Shibato, M. Shirai, and T. Ohyama (2002)
Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 4658-4666
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the C-Terminal Domain of the Alpha Subunit of RNA Polymerase in LuxR-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of the lux Operon during Quorum Sensing.
A. H. Finney, R. J. Blick, K. Murakami, A. Ishihama, and A. M. Stevens (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 4520-4528
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The RNA Polymerase {alpha} Subunit from Sinorhizobium meliloti Can Assemble with RNA Polymerase Subunits from Escherichia coli and Function in Basal and Activated Transcription both In Vivo and In Vitro.
M. C. Peck, T. Gaal, R. F. Fisher, R. L. Gourse, and S. R. Long (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 3808-3814
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of DNA Regulatory Elements Required for Expression of the Legionella pneumophilaicm and dot Virulence Genes.
O. Gal-Mor, T. Zusman, and G. Segal (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 3823-3833
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NTP-sensing by rRNA promoters in Escherichia coli is direct.
D. A. Schneider, T. Gaal, and R. L. Gourse (2002)
PNAS 99, 8602-8607
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dam- and OxyR-Dependent Phase Variation of agn43: Essential Elements and Evidence for a New Role of DNA Methylation.
A. Wallecha, V. Munster, J. Correnti, T. Chan, and M. van der Woude (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 3338-3347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutations in Flavobacterium johnsoniae gldF and gldG Disrupt Gliding Motility and Interfere with Membrane Localization of GldA.
D. W. Hunnicutt, M. J. Kempf, and M. J. McBride (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 2370-2378
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Determinants of the C-Terminal Domain of the Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase {alpha} Subunit Important for Transcription at Class I Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein-Dependent Promoters.
N. J. Savery, G. S. Lloyd, S. J. W. Busby, M. S. Thomas, R. H. Ebright, and R. L. Gourse (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 2273-2280
   Abstract »    Full Text »
rRNA Promoter Activity in the Fast-Growing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens.
S. E. Aiyar, T. Gaal, and R. L. Gourse (2002)
J. Bacteriol. 184, 1349-1358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and comparative analysis of the chloroplast {alpha}-subunit gene of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from seven Euglena species.
E. V. Sheveleva, N. V. Giordani, and R. B. Hallick (2002)
Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 1247-1254
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mode of DNA-protein interaction between the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase {alpha} subunit and T7D promoter UP element.
O. N. Ozoline, N. Fujita, and A. Ishihama (2001)
Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 4909-4919
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contributions of UP Elements and the Transcription Factor FIS to Expression from the Seven rrn P1 Promoters in Escherichia coli.
C. A. Hirvonen, W. Ross, C. E. Wozniak, E. Marasco, J. R. Anthony, S. E. Aiyar, V. H. Newburn, and R. L. Gourse (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 6305-6314
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of rRNA Transcription Correlates with Nucleoside Triphosphate Sensing.
M. M. Barker and R. L. Gourse (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 6315-6323
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UP element-dependent transcription at the Escherichia coli rrnB P1 promoter: positional requirements and role of the RNA polymerase {alpha} subunit linker.
W. Meng, T. Belyaeva, N. J. Savery, S. J. W. Busby, W. E. Ross, T. Gaal, R. L. Gourse, and M. S. Thomas (2001)
Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 4166-4178
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The HilA Box and Sequences outside It Determine the Magnitude of HilA-Dependent Activation of PprgH from Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1.
C. P. Lostroh and C. A. Lee (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 4876-4885
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unusual location of two nearby pairs of upstream activating sequences for HbpR, the main regulatory protein for the 2-hydroxybiphenyl degradation pathway of 'Pseudomonas azelaica' HBP1.
M. C. M. Jaspers, M. Sturme, and J. R. van der Meer (2001)
Microbiology 147, 2183-2194
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of Individual Copies of Methylococcus capsulatus Bath Particulate Methane Monooxygenase Genes.
S. Stolyar, M. Franke, and M. E. Lidstrom (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 1810-1812
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Fine structure of E. coli RNA polymerase-promoter interactions: {alpha} subunit binding to the UP element minor groove.
W. Ross, A. Ernst, and R. L. Gourse (2001)
Genes & Dev. 15, 491-506
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Topography of lacUV5 initiation complexes.
V. M. Studitsky, K. L. Brodolin, Y. Liu, and A. D. Mirzabekov (2001)
Nucleic Acids Res. 29, 854-861
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Organization and Dynamic Expression of the hbpCAD Genes, Which Encode the First Three Enzymes for 2-Hydroxybiphenyl Degradation in Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1.
M. C. M. Jaspers, A. Schmid, M. H. J. Sturme, D. A. M. Goslings, H.-P. E. Kohler, and J. Roelof van der Meer (2001)
J. Bacteriol. 183, 270-279
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Regulatory Responses of the Adaptive Response to Alkylation Damage: a Simple Regulon with Complex Regulatory Features.
P. Landini and M. R. Volkert (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 6543-6549
   Full Text »
Mechanism for a transcriptional activator that works at the isomerization step.
S. L. Dove, F. W. Huang, and A. Hochschild (2000)
PNAS 97, 13215-13220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cloning and Characterization of the str Operon and Elongation Factor Tu Expression in Bacillus stearothermophilus.
L. Krásny, T. Vacík, V. Fucík, and J. Jonák (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 6114-6122
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The alpha subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase activates RNA binding by NusA.
T.-F. Mah, K. Kuznedelov, A. Mushegian, K. Severinov, and J. Greenblatt (2000)
Genes & Dev. 14, 2664-2675
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Role of the RNA Polymerase alpha Subunits in MetR-Dependent Activation of metE and metH: Important Residues in the C-Terminal Domain and Orientation Requirements within RNA Polymerase.
P. S. Fritsch, M. L. Urbanowski, and G. V. Stauffer (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 5539-5550
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Recognition of Overlapping Nucleotides by AraC and the Sigma Subunit of RNA Polymerase.
A. Dhiman and R. Schleif (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 5076-5081
   Abstract »    Full Text »
A Positive cis-Acting DNA Element Is Required for High-Level Transcription in Chlamydia.
C. S. Schaumburg and M. Tan (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 5167-5171
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Ecologic Genomics of DNA: Upstream Bending in Prokaryotic Promoters.
A. Bolshoy and E. Nevo (2000)
Genome Res. 10, 1185-1193
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Structure and the Characteristic DNA Binding Property of the C-terminal Domain of the RNA Polymerase alpha Subunit from Thermus thermophilus.
T. Wada, T. Yamazaki, and Y. Kyogoku (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 16057-16063
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA sequence elements located immediately upstream of the -10 hexamer in Escherichia coli promoters: a systematic study.
T. Burr, J. Mitchell, A. Kolb, S. Minchin, and S. Busby (2000)
Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 1864-1870
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of rRNA Transcription Is Remarkably Robust: FIS Compensates for Altered Nucleoside Triphosphate Sensing by Mutant RNA Polymerases at Escherichia coli rrn P1 Promoters.
M. S. Bartlett, T. Gaal, W. Ross, and R. L. Gourse (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 1969-1977
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Transposon Insertions in the Flavobacterium johnsoniae ftsX Gene Disrupt Gliding Motility and Cell Division.
M. J. Kempf and M. J. McBride (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 1671-1679
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Roles of Specific Template Nucleosides in the Formation of Stable Transcription Complexes by Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase.
J. R. Levin, J. J. Blake, R. A. Ganunis, and T. D. Tullius (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6885-6893
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cloning and Characterization of the Flavobacterium johnsoniae Gliding-Motility Genes gldB and gldC.
D. W. Hunnicutt and M. J. McBride (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 911-918
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Plasmid copy-number control and better-than-random segregation genes of pSM19035 share a common regulator.
A. B. de la Hoz, S. Ayora, I. Sitkiewicz, S. Fernandez, R. Pankiewicz, J. C. Alonso, and P. Ceglowski (2000)
PNAS 97, 728-733
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role and Mechanism of Action of C {middle dot} PvuII, a Regulatory Protein Conserved among Restriction-Modification Systems.
R. M. Vijesurier, L. Carlock, R. M. Blumenthal, and J. C. Dunbar (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 477-487
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Transcription Activation Mediated by the Carboxyl-terminal Domain of the RNA Polymerase alpha -Subunit. MULTIPOINT MONITORING USING A FLUORESCENT PROBE.
O. N. Ozoline, N. Fujita, and A. Ishihama (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 1119-1127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Promoter Interference in a Bacteriophage Lambda Control Region: Effects of a Range of Interpromoter Distances.
M. G. Strainic Jr., J. J. Sullivan, J. Collado-Vides, and P. L. deHaseth (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 216-220
   Abstract »    Full Text »
SarA, a Global Regulator of Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus, Binds to a Conserved Motif Essential for sar-dependent Gene Regulation.
Y.-t. Chien, A. C. Manna, S. J. Projan, and A. L. Cheung (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 37169-37176
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential and Independent Roles of a sigma 32 Homolog (RpoH) and an HrcA Repressor in the Heat Shock Response of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
K. Nakahigashi, E. Z. Ron, H. Yanagi, and T. Yura (1999)
J. Bacteriol. 181, 7509-7515
   Abstract »    Full Text »
RNA Polymerase alpha and sigma 70 Subunits Participate in Transcription of the Escherichia coli uhpT Promoter.
I. N. Olekhnovich and R. J. Kadner (1999)
J. Bacteriol. 181, 7266-7273