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Science 19 November 1993:
Vol. 262. no. 5137, pp. 1262 - 1265
DOI: 10.1126/science.8235656
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Articles

Science, Vol 262, Issue 5137, 1262-1265
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Induction of metaphase arrest in cleaving Xenopus embryos by MAP kinase

O Haccard, B Sarcevic, A Lewellyn, R Hartley, L Roy, T Izumi, E Erikson, and JL Maller

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.

The natural arrest of vertebrate unfertilized eggs in second meiotic metaphase results from the activity of cytostatic factor (CSF). The product of the c-mos(xe) proto-oncogene is thought to be a component of CSF and can induce metaphase arrest when injected into blastomeres of two-cell embryos. The c-Mos(xe) protein can directly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP kinase kinase) in vitro, leading to activation of MAP kinase. MAP kinase and c-Mos(xe) are active in unfertilized eggs and are rapidly inactivated after fertilization. Microinjection of thiophosphorylated MAP kinase into one blastomere of a two-cell embryo induced metaphase arrest similar to that induced by c-Mos(xe). However, only arrest with c-Mos(xe) was associated with activation of endogenous MAP kinase. These results indicate that active MAP kinase is a component of CSF in Xenopus and suggest that the CSF activity of c-Mos(xe) is mediated by MAP kinase.


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B Oh, S. Hwang, D Solter, and B. Knowles (1997)
Development 124, 493-503
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Cleavage Arrest of Early Frog Embryos by the G Protein-activated Protein Kinase PAK I.
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J Mitra and R. Schultz (1996)
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Maturation promoting factor in ascidian oocytes is regulated by different intracellular signals at meiosis I and II.
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Mos is required for MAP kinase activation and is involved in microtubule organization during meiotic maturation in the mouse.
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Development 122, 815-822
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MAP kinase does not inactivate, but rather prevents the cyclin degradation pathway from being turned on in Xenopus egg extracts.
A Abrieu, T Lorca, J. Labbe, N Morin, S Keyse, and M Doree (1996)
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Raf-1 Is Activated during Mitosis.
A. D. Laird, S. J. Taylor, M. Oberst, and D. Shalloway (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26742-26745
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K Galaktionov, C Jessus, and D Beach (1995)
Genes & Dev. 9, 1046-1058
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XCL100, an inducible nuclear MAP kinase phosphatase from Xenopus laevis: its role in MAP kinase inactivation in differentiated cells and its expression during early development.
T Lewis, L. Groom, A. Sneddon, C Smythe, and S. Keyse (1995)
J. Cell Sci. 108, 2885-2896
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Characterization of an Autoinhibitory Domain in Human Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-activated Protein Kinase 2.
Y.-L. Zu, Y. Ai, and C.-K. Huang (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 202-206
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Role of MAP kinase in mesoderm induction and axial patterning during Xenopus development.
C LaBonne, B Burke, and M Whitman (1995)
Development 121, 1475-1486
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cytostatic factor inactivation is induced by a calcium-dependent mechanism present until the second cell cycle in fertilized but not in parthenogenetically activated mouse eggs.
M Zernicka-Goetz, M. Ciemerych, J. Kubiak, A. Tarkowski, and B Maro (1995)
J. Cell Sci. 108, 469-474
   Abstract »    PDF »
Microtubule and chromatin behavior follow MAP kinase activity but not MPF activity during meiosis in mouse oocytes.
M. Verlhac, J. Kubiak, H. Clarke, and B Maro (1994)
Development 120, 1017-1025
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cloning and Characterization of Xenopus Rsk2, the Predominant p90 Rsk Isozyme in Oocytes and Eggs.
R. R. Bhatt and J. E. Ferrell Jr. (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32983-32990
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Post-Cytochrome c Protection from Apoptosis Conferred by a MAPK Pathway in Xenopus Egg Extracts.
J. S. Tashker, M. Olson, and S. Kornbluth (2002)
Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 393-401
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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