Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 29 October 1993:
Vol. 262. no. 5134, pp. 754 - 757
DOI: 10.1126/science.7901909
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 262, Issue 5134, 754-757
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Nonuniform probability of glutamate release at a hippocampal synapse

C Rosenmund, JD Clements, and GL Westbrook

Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.

A change in the probability of neurotransmitter release (Pr) is an important mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity. Although Pr is often assumed to be the same for all terminals at a single synapse, this assumption is difficult to reconcile with the nonuniform size and structure of synaptic terminals in the central nervous system. Release probability was measured at excitatory synapses on cultured hippocampal neurons by analysis of the progressive block of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic currents by the irreversible open channel blocker MK-801. Release probability was nonuniform (range of 0.09 to 0.54) for terminals arising from a single axon, the majority of which had a low Pr. However, terminals with high Pr are more likely to be affected by the activity-dependent modulation that occurs in long-term potentiation.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Functional Heterogeneity at Dopamine Release Sites.
J. A. Daniel, S. Galbraith, L. Iacovitti, A. Abdipranoto, and B. Vissel (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 14670-14680
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postsynaptic Neuroligin1 regulates presynaptic maturation.
N. Wittenmayer, C. Korber, H. Liu, T. Kremer, F. Varoqueaux, E. R. Chapman, N. Brose, T. Kuner, and T. Dresbach (2009)
PNAS 106, 13564-13569
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters Visualize Dopamine Release from Individual Presynaptic Terminals.
N. G. Gubernator, H. Zhang, R. G. W. Staal, E. V. Mosharov, D. B. Pereira, M. Yue, V. Balsanek, P. A. Vadola, B. Mukherjee, R. H. Edwards, et al. (2009)
Science 324, 1441-1444
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contrary roles of kainate receptors in transmitter release at corticothalamic synapses onto thalamic relay and reticular neurons.
M. Miyata and K. Imoto (2009)
J. Physiol. 587, 999-1012
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RIM1{alpha} and RIM1{beta} Are Synthesized from Distinct Promoters of the RIM1 Gene to Mediate Differential But Overlapping Synaptic Functions.
P. S. Kaeser, H.-B. Kwon, C. Q. Chiu, L. Deng, P. E. Castillo, and T. C. Sudhof (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 13435-13447
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinctive Quantal Properties of Neurotransmission at Excitatory and Inhibitory Autapses Revealed Using Variance-Mean Analysis.
K. Ikeda, Y. Yanagawa, and J. M. Bekkers (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 13563-13573
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spontaneous and Evoked Glutamate Release Activates Two Populations of NMDA Receptors with Limited Overlap.
D. Atasoy, M. Ertunc, K. L. Moulder, J. Blackwell, C. Chung, J. Su, and E. T. Kavalali (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 10151-10166
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP/PKA signaling and RIM1{alpha} mediate presynaptic LTP in the lateral amygdala.
E. Fourcaudot, F. Gambino, Y. Humeau, G. Casassus, H. Shaban, B. Poulain, and A. Luthi (2008)
PNAS 105, 15130-15135
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Application of an Epac Activator Enhances Neurotransmitter Release at Excitatory Central Synapses.
I. Gekel and E. Neher (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 7991-8002
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cortical Adenylyl Cyclase 1 Is Required for Thalamocortical Synapse Maturation and Aspects of Layer IV Barrel Development.
T. Iwasato, M. Inan, H. Kanki, R. S. Erzurumlu, S. Itohara, and M. C. Crair (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 5931-5943
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and Regulation of TPS04/GES, an Arabidopsis Geranyllinalool Synthase Catalyzing the First Step in the Formation of the Insect-Induced Volatile C16-Homoterpene TMTT.
M. Herde, K. Gartner, T. G. Kollner, B. Fode, W. Boland, J. Gershenzon, C. Gatz, and D. Tholl (2008)
PLANT CELL 20, 1152-1168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Maturation of Excitatory Synapses in Layer 3 Pyramidal Neurons during Postnatal Development of the Primate Prefrontal Cortex.
G. Gonzalez-Burgos, S. Kroener, A. V. Zaitsev, N. V. Povysheva, L. S. Krimer, G. Barrionuevo, and D. A. Lewis (2008)
Cereb Cortex 18, 626-637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Presynaptic Release Probability Is Increased in Hippocampal Neurons From ASIC1 Knockout Mice.
J.-H. Cho and C. C. Askwith (2008)
J Neurophysiol 99, 426-441
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Extrasynaptic and synaptic NMDA receptors form stable and uniform pools in rat hippocampal slices.
A. Z. Harris and D. L. Pettit (2007)
J. Physiol. 584, 509-519
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Thalamocortical Synaptic Response and Decreased Layer IV Innervation in GAP-43 Knockout Mice.
M. J. Albright, M. C. Weston, M. Inan, C. Rosenmund, and M. C. Crair (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 1610-1625
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Experience-Dependent Modification of Primary Sensory Synapses in the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb.
W. J. Tyler, G. C. Petzold, S. K. Pal, and V. N. Murthy (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 9427-9438
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Role of Physiological Afferent Nerve Activity during In Vivo Maturation of the Calyx of Held Synapse.
E. Erazo-Fischer, J. Striessnig, and H. Taschenberger (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 1725-1737
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutant Presenilin 1 Alters Synaptic Transmission in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons.
C. Priller, I. Dewachter, N. Vassallo, S. Paluch, C. Pace, H. A. Kretzschmar, F. Van Leuven, and J. Herms (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 1119-1127
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neural Coding by Two Classes of Principal Cells in the Mouse Piriform Cortex..
N. Suzuki and J. M. Bekkers (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 11938-11947
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NMDA Receptor Subtypes at Autaptic Synapses of Cerebellar Granule Neurons.
C. Lu, Z. Fu, I. Karavanov, R. P. Yasuda, B. B. Wolfe, A. Buonanno, and S. Vicini (2006)
J Neurophysiol 96, 2282-2294
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct Roles of the beta1-Class Integrins at the Developing and the Mature Hippocampal Excitatory Synapse.
Z. Huang, K. Shimazu, N. H. Woo, K. Zang, U. Muller, B. Lu, and L. F. Reichardt (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 11208-11219
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Enhanced Presynaptic Neurotransmitter Release in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Mice with Chronic Pain..
M.-G. Zhao, S. W Ko, L.-J. Wu, H. Toyoda, H. Xu, J. Quan, J. Li, Y. Jia, M. Ren, Z. C. Xu, et al. (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 8923-8930
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synapse formation and function is modulated by the amyloid precursor protein..
C. Priller, T. Bauer, G. Mitteregger, B. Krebs, H. A. Kretzschmar, and J. Herms (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 7212-7221
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
N-cadherin transsynaptically regulates short-term plasticity at glutamatergic synapses in embryonic stem cell-derived neurons..
K. Jungling, V. Eulenburg, R. Moore, R. Kemler, V. Lessmann, and K. Gottmann (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 6968-6978
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Roles of the fast-releasing and the slowly releasing vesicles in synaptic transmission at the calyx of held..
T. Sakaba (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 5863-5871
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptic basis for whisker deprivation-induced synaptic depression in rat somatosensory cortex..
K. J. Bender, C. B. Allen, V. A. Bender, and D. E. Feldman (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 4155-4165
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of efficient neurotransmitter release in barrel map development..
H.-C. Lu, D. A. Butts, P. S. Kaeser, W.-C. She, R. Janz, and M. C. Crair (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 2692-2703
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Presynaptic Mechanism Underlying cAMP-Induced Synaptic Potentiation in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons.
C.-C. Huang and K.-S. Hsu (2006)
Mol. Pharmacol. 69, 846-856
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptic Vesicles: Turning Reluctance Into Action.
K. L. Moulder and S. Mennerick (2006)
Neuroscientist 12, 11-15
   Abstract »    PDF »
Epileptogenesis Is Associated With Enhanced Glutamatergic Transmission in the Perforant Path.
A. Scimemi, S. Schorge, D. M. Kullmann, and M. C. Walker (2006)
J Neurophysiol 95, 1213-1220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 Enhances Release Probability at Quiescent Synapses.
K. L. Custer, N. S. Austin, J. M. Sullivan, and S. M. Bajjalieh (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 1303-1313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Volatile Anesthetic Effects on Glutamate versus GABA Release from Isolated Rat Cortical Nerve Terminals: 4-Aminopyridine-Evoked Release.
R. I. Westphalen and H. C. Hemmings Jr. (2006)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316, 216-223
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Short-Term Synaptic Depression Causes a Non-Monotonic Response to Correlated Stimuli.
J. de la Rocha and N. Parga (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 8416-8431
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Behavioral Stress Enhances Hippocampal CA1 Long-Term Depression through the Blockade of the Glutamate Uptake.
C.-H. Yang, C.-C. Huang, and K.-S. Hsu (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 4288-4293
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Extracellular Domains of {alpha}-Neurexins Participate in Regulating Synaptic Transmission by Selectively Affecting N- and P/Q-Type Ca2+ Channels.
W. Zhang, A. Rohlmann, V. Sargsyan, G. Aramuni, R. E. Hammer, T. C. Sudhof, and M. Missler (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 4330-4342
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reluctant Vesicles Contribute to the Total Readily Releasable Pool in Glutamatergic Hippocampal Neurons.
K. L. Moulder and S. Mennerick (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 3842-3850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Switch in Synaptic Mechanisms of Hippocampal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Long-Term Depression.
E. D. Nosyreva and K. M. Huber (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 2992-3001
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence That Disinhibition Is Associated with a Decrease in Number of Vesicles Available for Release at Inhibitory Synapses.
V. A. Ledoux and C. S. Woolley (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 971-976
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental Changes in Release Properties of the CA3-CA1 Glutamate Synapse in Rat Hippocampus.
P. Wasling, E. Hanse, and B. Gustafsson (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 2714-2724
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optical Postsynaptic Measurement of Vesicle Release Rates for Hippocampal Synapses Undergoing Asynchronous Release during Train Stimulation.
Y. Otsu and T. H. Murphy (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 9076-9086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmentally Regulated Switch in Alternatively Spliced SNAP-25 Isoforms Alters Facilitation of Synaptic Transmission.
C. Bark, F. P. Bellinger, A. Kaushal, J. R. Mathews, L. D. Partridge, and M. C. Wilson (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 8796-8805
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Complete Genetic Analysis of Neuronal Rab3 Function.
O. M. Schluter, F. Schmitz, R. Jahn, C. Rosenmund, and T. C. Sudhof (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 6629-6637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Probability of Transmitter Release at Neocortical Synapses at Different Temperatures.
M. Volgushev, I. Kudryashov, M. Chistiakova, M. Mukovski, J. Niesmann, and U. T. Eysel (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 212-220
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vesicular Glutamate Transporters 1 and 2 Target to Functionally Distinct Synaptic Release Sites.
R. T. Fremeau Jr., K. Kam, T. Qureshi, J. Johnson, D. R. Copenhagen, J. Storm-Mathisen, F. A. Chaudhry, R. A. Nicoll, and R. H. Edwards (2004)
Science 304, 1815-1819
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Presynaptic Mechanism Underlying cAMP-Dependent Synaptic Potentiation.
M. Kaneko and T. Takahashi (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 5202-5208
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple, Developmentally Regulated Expression Mechanisms of Long-Term Potentiation at CA1 Synapses.
M. J. Palmer, J. T. R. Isaac, and G. L. Collingridge (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 4903-4911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NR2B-Containing Receptors Mediate Cross Talk among Hippocampal Synapses.
A. Scimemi, A. Fine, D. M. Kullmann, and D. A. Rusakov (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 4767-4777
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sensory Neuron Signaling to the Brain: Properties of Transmitter Release from Olfactory Nerve Terminals.
G. J. Murphy, L. L. Glickfeld, Z. Balsen, and J. S. Isaacson (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 3023-3030
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Number of Glutamate Receptors Opened by Synaptic Stimulation in Single Hippocampal Spines.
E. A. Nimchinsky, R. Yasuda, T. G. Oertner, and K. Svoboda (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 2054-2064
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function requires {alpha}-neurexins.
G. Kattenstroth, E. Tantalaki, T. C. Sudhof, K. Gottmann, and M. Missler (2004)
PNAS 101, 2607-2612
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenosine gates synaptic plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
K. A. Moore, R. A. Nicoll, and D. Schmitz (2003)
PNAS 100, 14397-14402
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Modes of Vesicle Recycling in the Rat Calyx of Held.
R. P. J. de Lange, A. D. G. de Roos, and J. G. G. Borst (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 10164-10173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Examining Synaptotagmin 1 Function in Dense Core Vesicle Exocytosis under Direct Control of Ca2+.
J. B. Sorensen, R. Fernandez-Chacon, T. C. Sudhof, and E. Neher (2003)
J. Gen. Physiol. 122, 265-276
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development and Subunit Composition of Synaptic NMDA Receptors in the Amygdala: NR2B Synapses in the Adult Central Amygdala.
M. Lopez de Armentia and P. Sah (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 6876-6883
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Essential function of alpha -calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in neurotransmitter release at a glutamatergic central synapse.
H. L. Hinds, I. Goussakov, K. Nakazawa, S. Tonegawa, and V. Y. Bolshakov (2003)
PNAS 100, 4275-4280
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanism of the distance-dependent scaling of Schaffer collateral synapses in rat CA1 pyramidal neurons.
M. A Smith, G. C R Ellis-Davies, and J. C Magee (2003)
J. Physiol. 548, 245-258
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct Local Circuits Between Neocortical Pyramidal Cells and Fast-Spiking Interneurons in Young Adult Rats.
M. C. Angulo, J. F. Staiger, J. Rossier, and E. Audinat (2003)
J Neurophysiol 89, 943-953
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of Actin Polymerization in Vesicle Recruitment at the Calyx of Held Synapse.
T. Sakaba and E. Neher (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 837-846
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes?: III. Activity-dependent plasticity in vago-vagal reflexes controlling the stomach.
R. A. Travagli, G. E. Hermann, K. N. Browning, and R. C. Rogers (2003)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 284, G180-G187
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Limit on the Role of Activity in Controlling the Release-Ready Supply of Synaptic Vesicles.
J. F. Wesseling and D. C. Lo (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 9708-9720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Emerging Roles of Presynaptic Proteins in Ca++-Triggered Exocytosis.
J. Rettig and E. Neher (2002)
Science 298, 781-785
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure/Function Analysis of Ca2+ Binding to the C2A Domain of Synaptotagmin 1.
R. Fernandez-Chacon, O.-H. Shin, A. Konigstorfer, M. F. Matos, A. C. Meyer, J. Garcia, S. H. Gerber, J. Rizo, T. C. Sudhof, and C. Rosenmund (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 8438-8446
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rac GTPase Plays an Essential Role in Exocytosis by Controlling the Fusion Competence of Release Sites.
Y. Humeau, M. R. Popoff, H. Kojima, F. Doussau, and B. Poulain (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 7968-7981
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role for cAMP and protein phosphatase in the presynaptic expression of mouse hippocampal mossy fibre depotentiation.
C.-C. Huang, Y.-L. Chen, Y.-C. Liang, and K.-S. Hsu (2002)
J. Physiol. 543, 767-778
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vesicle pool partitioning influences presynaptic diversity and weighting in rat hippocampal synapses.
J. Waters and S. J Smith (2002)
J. Physiol. 541, 811-823
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Persistent, Exocytosis-Independent Silencing of Release Sites Underlies Homosynaptic Depression at Sensory Synapses in Aplysia.
T. D. Gover, X.-Y. Jiang, and T. W. Abrams (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 1942-1955
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The effects of temperature on vesicular supply and release in autaptic cultures of rat and mouse hippocampal neurons.
S. J Pyott and C. Rosenmund (2002)
J. Physiol. 539, 523-535
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of Vesicle Pools during Maturation of Hippocampal Synapses.
M. G. Mozhayeva, Y. Sara, X. Liu, and E. T. Kavalali (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 654-665
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A characterisation of long-term depression induced by metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in the rat hippocampus in vitro.
S. M Fitzjohn, M. J Palmer, J. E R May, A. Neeson, S. A C Morris, and G. L Collingridge (2001)
J. Physiol. 537, 421-430
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Estimation of Quantal Size and Number of Functional Active Zones at the Calyx of Held Synapse by Nonstationary EPSC Variance Analysis.
A. C. Meyer, E. Neher, and R. Schneggenburger (2001)
J. Neurosci. 21, 7889-7900
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantal components of the excitatory postsynaptic currents at a rat central auditory synapse.
Y. Sahara and T. Takahashi (2001)
J. Physiol. 536, 189-197
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Developmental regulation of transmitter release at the calyx of Held in rat auditory brainstem.
S. Iwasaki and T. Takahashi (2001)
J. Physiol. 534, 861-871
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vesicle release probability and pre-primed pool at glutamatergic synapses in area CA1 of the rat neonatal hippocampus.
E. Hanse and B. Gustafsson (2001)
J. Physiol. 531, 481-493
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitative Relationship between Transmitter Release and Calcium Current at the Calyx of Held Synapse.
T. Sakaba and E. Neher (2001)
J. Neurosci. 21, 462-476
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distribution, Density, and Clustering of Functional Glutamate Receptors Before and After Synaptogenesis in Hippocampal Neurons.
J. R. Cottrell, G. R. Dube, C. Egles, and G. Liu (2000)
J Neurophysiol 84, 1573-1587
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prolonged Synaptic Currents and Glutamate Spillover at the Parallel Fiber to Stellate Cell Synapse.
A. G. Carter and W. G. Regehr (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 4423-4434
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Target-specific expression of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
K. Toth and C. J McBain (2000)
J. Physiol. 525, 41-51
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Release probability modulates short-term plasticity at a rat giant terminal.
S. Oleskevich, J. Clements, and B. Walmsley (2000)
J. Physiol. 524, 513-523
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Paired-pulse modulation at individual GABAergic synapses in rat hippocampus.
L. Jiang, S. Sun, M. Nedergaard, and J. Kang (2000)
J. Physiol. 523, 425-439
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of Glutamatergic Synaptic Activity in Cultured Spinal Neurons.
A. Robert, J. R. Howe, and S. G. Waxman (2000)
J Neurophysiol 83, 659-670
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Switching Off and On of Synaptic Sites at Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses.
S. Royer, R. L. Coulson, and M. Klein (2000)
J. Neurosci. 20, 626-638
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Target-Specific Factors Regulate the Formation of Glutamatergic Transmitter Release Sites in Cultured Neocortical Neurons.
R. Mohrmann, M. Werner, H. Hatt, and K. Gottmann (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 10004-10013
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Behaviour of NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated miniature EPSCs at rat cortical neuron synapses identified by calcium imaging.
M. Umemiya, M. Senda, and T. H Murphy (1999)
J. Physiol. 521, 113-122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hebbian modification of a hippocampal population pattern in the rat.
C. King, D. A Henze, X. Leinekugel, and G. Buzsaki (1999)
J. Physiol. 521, 159-167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Changes in the Calcium Dependence of Glutamate Transmission in the Hippocampal CA1 Region After Brief Hypoxia-Hypoglycemia.
A. Ouanonou, Y. Zhang, and L. Zhang (1999)
J Neurophysiol 82, 1147-1155
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postsynaptic expression of long-term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus demonstrated by variance-mean analysis.
C. A Reid and J. D Clements (1999)
J. Physiol. 518, 121-130
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Incorporation of NMDA Receptors with a Distinct Subunit Composition at Nascent Hippocampal Synapses In Vitro.
K. R. Tovar and G. L. Westbrook (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 4180-4188
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Multiquantal Transmitter Release From Single Cultured Cortical Neuron Terminals.
O. Prange and T. H. Murphy (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 1810-1817
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantal amplitude and quantal variance of strontium-induced asynchronous EPSCs in rat dentate granule neurons.
J. M Bekkers and J. D Clements (1999)
J. Physiol. 516, 227-248
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels.
R. Dingledine, K. Borges, D. Bowie, and S. F. Traynelis (1999)
Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 7-62
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Cultures.
S. Mennerick, V. Jevtovic-Todorovic, S. M. Todorovic, W. Shen, J. W. Olney, and C. F. Zorumski (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 9716-9726
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endogenous Neurotrophin-3 Regulates Short-Term Plasticity at Lateral Perforant Path-Granule Cell Synapses.
M. Kokaia, F. Asztely, K. Olofsdotter, C. B. Sindreu, D. M. Kullmann, and O. Lindvall (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 8730-8739
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendrodendritic Inhibition in the Olfactory Bulb Is Driven by NMDA Receptors.
N. E. Schoppa, J. M. Kinzie, Y. Sahara, T. P. Segerson, and G. L. Westbrook (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 6790-6802
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Calcium Elevation in Astrocytes Causes an NMDA Receptor-Dependent Increase in the Frequency of Miniature Synaptic Currents in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons.
A. Araque, R. P. Sanzgiri, V. Parpura, and P. G. Haydon (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 6822-6829
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms Underlying the Enhancement of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Basolateral Amygdala Neurons of the Kindling Rat.
Y. Shoji, E. Tanaka, S. Yamamoto, H. Maeda, and H. Higashi (1998)
J Neurophysiol 80, 638-646
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Locus of frequency-dependent depression identified with multiple-probability fluctuation analysis at rat climbing fibre-Purkinje cell synapses.
R A. Silver, A. Momiyama, and S. G Cull-Candy (1998)
J. Physiol. 510, 881-902
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuromodulators Enhance Transmitter Release by Two Separate Mechanisms at the Inhibitor of Crayfish Opener Muscle.
A. Vyshedskiy, K. R. Delaney, and J.-W. Lin (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 5160-5169
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Changes in Quantal Size Distributions Upon Experimental Variations in the Probability of Release at Striatal Inhibitory Synapses.
J. C. Behrends and G. ten Bruggencate (1998)
J Neurophysiol 79, 2999-3011
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential signaling via the same axon of neocortical pyramidal neurons.
H. Markram, Y. Wang, and M. Tsodyks (1998)
PNAS 95, 5323-5328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)