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Science 15 October 1993:
Vol. 262. no. 5132, pp. 395 - 399
DOI: 10.1126/science.8211160
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Articles

Science, Vol 262, Issue 5132, 395-399
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

HTLV-I Tax protein stimulation of DNA binding of bZIP proteins by enhancing dimerization

S Wagner and MR Green

Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01605.

The Tax protein of human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-I) transcriptionally activates the HTLV-I promoter. This activation requires binding sites for activating transcription factor (ATF) proteins, a family of cellular proteins that contain basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA binding domains. Data are presented showing that Tax increases the in vitro DNA binding activity of multiple ATF proteins. Tax also stimulated DNA binding by other bZIP proteins, but did not affect DNA binding proteins that lack a bZIP domain. The increase in DNA binding occurred because Tax promotes dimerization of the bZIP domain in the absence of DNA, and the elevated concentration of the bZIP homodimer then facilitates the DNA binding reaction. These results help explain how Tax activates viral transcription and transforms cells.


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A. Fukushima, A. Okuda, M. Nishimoto, N. Seki, T.-a. Hori, and M. Muramatsu (1998)
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Activation of E2F-mediated Transcription by Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Protein in a p16INK4A-negative T-cell Line.
I. Lemasson, S. Thebault, C. Sardet, C. Devaux, and J.-M. Mesnard (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 23598-23604
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An Exposed KID-Like Domain in Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax Is Responsible for the Recruitment of Coactivators CBP/p300.
R. Harrod, Y. Tang, C. Nicot, H. S. Lu, A. Vassilev, Y. Nakatani, and C.-Z. Giam (1998)
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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Induction of NF-kappa B Involves Activation of the Ikappa B Kinase alpha  (IKKalpha ) and IKKbeta Cellular Kinases.
R. Geleziunas, S. Ferrell, X. Lin, Y. Mu, E. T. Cunningham Jr., M. Grant, M. A. Connelly, J. E. Hambor, K. B. Marcu, and W. C. Greene (1998)
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Protein kinase CK2 interacts with and phosphorylates the Arabidopsis circadian clock-associated 1 protein.
S. Sugano, C. Andronis, R. M. Green, Z.-Y. Wang, and E. M. Tobin (1998)
PNAS 95, 11020-11025
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP Response Element-binding Protein Monomers Cooperatively Assemble to Form Dimers on DNA.
X. Wu, C. Spiro, W. G. Owen, and C. T. McMurray (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20820-20827
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NF-kappa B-inducing Kinase and Ikappa B Kinase Participate in Human T-cell Leukemia Virus I Tax-mediated NF-kappa B Activation.
M. Uhlik, L. Good, G. Xiao, E. W. Harhaj, E. Zandi, M. Karin, and S.-C. Sun (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 21132-21136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cytoplasmic Forms of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Induce NF-kappa B Activation.
C. Nicot, F. Tie, and C.-Z. Giam (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6777-6784
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Human T-cell Leukemia Virus-1 Transcriptional Activator Tax Enhances cAMP-responsive Element-binding Protein (CREB) Binding Activity through Interactions with the DNA Minor Groove.
J. R. Lundblad, R. P. S. Kwok, M. E. Laurance, M. S. Huang, J. P. Richards, R. G. Brennan, and R. H. Goodman (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 19251-19259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Transcriptional Activation by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Mutants Is Mediated by Distinct Interactions with CREB Binding Protein and p300.
F. Bex, M.-J. Yin, A. Burny, and R. B. Gaynor (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 2392-2405
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Enhanced MDR1 Gene Expression in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-I-Infected Patients Offers New Prospects for Therapy.
A. Lau, S. Nightingale, G. P. Taylor, T. W. Gant, and A. J. Cann (1998)
Blood 91, 2467-2474
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2) with the Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme hUBC9. IMPLICATION OF THE UBIQUITIN/PROTEASOME PATHWAY IN REGULATION OF ATF2 IN T CELLS.
R. Firestein and N. Feuerstein (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5892-5902
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Requires Direct Access to DNA for Recruitment of CREB Binding Protein to the Viral Promoter.
B. A. Lenzmeier, H. A. Giebler, and J. K. Nyborg (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 721-731
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Specific interaction of HTLV tax protein and a human type IV neuronal intermediate filament protein.
T. R. Reddy, X. Li, Y. Jones, M. H. Ellisman, G. Y. Ching, R. K. H. Liem, and F. Wong-Staal (1998)
PNAS 95, 702-707
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repression of Transcription From the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Long Terminal Repeat and Cellular Gene Promoters by Wild-Type p53.
N. Mori, F. Kashanchi, and D. Prager (1997)
Blood 90, 4924-4932
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Functional Interaction between the DNA Binding Subunit Trimerization Domain of NF-Y and the High Mobility Group Protein HMG-I(Y).
R. A. Currie (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 30880-30888
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Tax Protein of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Mediates the Transactivation of the c-sis/Platelet-derived Growth Factor-B Promoter through Interactions with the Zinc Finger Transcription Factors Sp1 and NGFI-A/Egr-1.
S. R. Trejo, W. E. Fahl, and L. Ratner (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 27411-27421
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Transactivates the Promoter of Human Prointerleukin-1beta Gene Through Association With Two Transcription Factors, Nuclear Factor-Interleukin-6 and Spi-1.
J. Tsukada, M. Misago, Y. Serino, R. Ogawa, S. Murakami, M. Nakanishi, S. Tonai, Y. Kominato, I. Morimoto, P. E. Auron, et al. (1997)
Blood 90, 3142-3153
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an Osteoclast Transcription Factor That Binds to the Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I-Long Terminal Repeat Enhancer Element.
D. Inoue, P. Santiago, W. C. Horne, and R. Baron (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 25386-25393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Enhances the DNA Binding Potential and Transcription Efficacy of bZip Transcription Factors.
S. Barnabas, T. Hai, and O. M. Andrisani (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20684-20690
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2) Down-regulates Hepatitis B Virus X Promoter Activity by the Competition for the Activating Protein 1 Binding Site and the Formation of the ATF2-Jun Heterodimer.
C. Y. Choi, B. H. Choi, G. T. Park, and H. M. Rho (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 16934-16939
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Binding of human virus oncoproteins to hDlg/SAP97, a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor protein.
S. S. Lee, R. S. Weiss, and R. T. Javier (1997)
PNAS 94, 6670-6675
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Tax, Ets1, and Sp1 in Transactivation of the PTHrP P2 Promoter.
J. Dittmer, C. A. Pise-Masison, K. E. Clemens, K.-S. Choi, and J. N. Brady (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 4953-4958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Activation of Viral and Cellular Promoters by Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 Tax and cAMP-responsive Element Modulator Isoforms.
M. E. Laurance, R. P.S. Kwok, M. S. Huang, J. P. Richards, J. R. Lundblad, and R. H. Goodman (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2646-2651
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The CCAAT-binding Proteins CP1 and NF-I Cooperate with ATF-2 in the Transcription of the Fibronectin Gene.
C. R. Alonso, C. G. Pesce, and A. R. Kornblihtt (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 22271-22279
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Protein Transactivates RNA Polymerase III Promoter in Vitro and in Vivo.
G. Piras, J. Dittmer, M. F. Radonovich, and J. N. Brady (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20501-20506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
c-sis/PDGF-B Promoter Transactivation by the Tax Protein of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1.
S. R. Trejo, W. E. Fahl, and L. Ratner (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 14584-14590
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sp1 Family Proteins Recognize the U5 Repressive Element of the Long Terminal Repeat of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type I through Binding to the CACCC Core Motif.
K. Okumura, G. Sakaguchi, S. Takagi, K. Naito, T. Mimori, and H. Igarashi (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12944-12950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Masks c-Myc Function through a cAMP-dependent Pathway.
O. J. Semmes, J. F. Barrett, C. V. Dang, and K.-T. Jeang (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9730-9738
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP-response Element-binding Protein Induces Directed DNA Bending of the HTLV-I 21-Base Pair Repeat.
M. J. Yin, E. Paulssen, and R. B. Gaynor (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4781-4790
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intramolecular inhibition of activating transcription factor-2 function by its DNA-binding domain..
X Y Li and M R Green (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 517-527
   Abstract »    PDF »
A Conserved Domain of the viviparous-1 Gene Product Enhances the DNA Binding Activity of the bZIP Protein EmBP-1 and Other Transcription Factors.
A. Hill, A. Nantel, C. D. Rock, and R. S. Quatrano (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3366-3374
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Drosophila morphogenetic protein Bicoid binds DNA cooperatively.
X Ma, D Yuan, K Diepold, T Scarborough, and J Ma (1996)
Development 122, 1195-1206
   Abstract »    PDF »
Interaction of Oct-1 with TFIIB.
H. Nakshatri, P. Nakshatri, and R. A. Currie (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19613-19623
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A cis-Acting Element in Rous Sarcoma Virus Long Terminal Repeat Required for Promoter Repression by HeLa Nuclear Protein p21.
C.-H. Yeh and A. J. Shatkin (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15815-15820
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Moloney Leukemia Retroviral Long Terminal Repeat trans-Activates AP-1-inducible Genes and AP-1 Transcription Factor Binding.
H. Weng, S.-Y. Choi, and D. V. Faller (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13637-13644
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A Molecular Mechanism for Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Latency and Tax Transactivation.
A. Brauweiler, P. Garl, A. A. Franklin, H. A. Giebler, and J. K. Nyborg (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12814-12822
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Activating Transcription Factor 1 and Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator Can Modulate the Activity of the Immunoglobulin [IMAGE] 3` Enhancer.
J. M. R. Pongubala and M. L. Atchison (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10304-10313
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Cooperation by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein and Sp1 in Sterol Regulation of Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene.
H. B. Sanchez, L. Yieh, and T. F. Osborne (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1161-1169
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Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway.
S Gupta, D Campbell, B Derijard, and R. Davis (1995)
Science 267, 389-393
   Abstract »    PDF »
Domain-specific Interaction with the Ikappa B Kinase (IKK) Regulatory Subunit IKKgamma Is an Essential Step in Tax-mediated Activation of IKK.
G. Xiao, E. W. Harhaj, and S.-C. Sun (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 34060-34067
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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