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Science 30 July 1993: Vol. 261. no. 5121, pp. 609 - 612 DOI: 10.1126/science.7688139
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Articles
Science, Vol 261, Issue 5121, 609-612
Copyright © 1993 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Differential T cell costimulatory requirements in CD28-deficient mice
A Shahinian,
K Pfeffer,
KP Lee,
TM Kundig,
K Kishihara,
A Wakeham,
K Kawai,
PS Ohashi,
CB Thompson,
and
TW Mak
Department of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada.
T cell receptor stimulation without costimulation is insufficient for the induction of an optimal immune response. It is thought that engagement of the CD28 molecule with its ligand B7 provides an essential costimulatory signal without which full activation of T cells cannot occur. A mouse strain with a defective CD28 gene was established. Development of T and B cells in the CD28-deficient mice appeared normal. However, T lymphocytes derived from CD28-/- mutant mice had impaired responses to lectins. Lectin stimulation did not trigger interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, IL-2 receptor alpha expression was significantly decreased, and exogenous IL-2 only partially rescued the CD28 defect. Basal immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in CD28-deficient mice were about one-fifth of those found in wild-type controls, with low titers of IgG1 and IgG2b but an increase in IgG2a. In addition, activity of T helper cells in CD28-/- mice was reduced and immunoglobulin class switching was diminished after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. However, cytotoxic T cells could still be induced and the mice showed delayed-type hypersensitivity after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Thus, CD28 is not required for all T cell responses in vivo, suggesting that alternative costimulatory pathways may exist.
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- J. R. Podojil, N. W. Kin, and V. M. Sanders (2004)
J. Biol. Chem.
279, 23394-23404
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- The Inducible Costimulator Plays the Major Costimulatory Role in Humoral Immune Responses in the Absence of CD28.
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172, 5917-5923
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- Glycoprotein 96 Can Chaperone Both MHC Class I- and Class II-Restricted Epitopes for In Vivo Presentation, but Selectively Primes CD8+ T Cell Effector Function.
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172, 6087-6092
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- Up-regulation of IL-4 production by the activated cAMP/cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) pathway in CD3/CD28-stimulated naive T cells.
- K. Tokoyoda, K. Tsujikawa, H. Matsushita, Y. Ono, T. Hayashi, Y. Harada, R. Abe, M. Kubo, and H. Yamamoto (2004)
Int. Immunol.
16, 643-653
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- NTB-A, a New Activating Receptor in T Cells That Regulates Autoimmune Disease.
- P. A. Valdez, H. Wang, D. Seshasayee, M. van Lookeren Campagne, A. Gurney, W. P. Lee, and I. S. Grewal (2004)
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- CTLA-4 Blockage Increases Resistance to Infection with the Intracellular Protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi.
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- Tyrosine-mediated inhibitory signals contribute to CTLA-4 function in vivo.
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Int. Immunol.
16, 539-547
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- Akt Is a Neutral Amplifier for Th Cell Differentiation.
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- PKC{theta} Signals Activation versus Tolerance In Vivo.
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- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Is Required for Cross-Priming In Vivo.
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- Resistance of Single-Positive Thymocytes to Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by CD28 Signaling.
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Mol. Endocrinol.
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- Blocking inducible co-stimulator in the absence of CD28 impairs Th1 and CD25+ regulatory T cells in murine colitis.
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- CD7 and CD28 Are Required for Murine CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis and Prevention of Thyroiditis.
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- Marginal Zone, but Not Follicular B Cells, Are Potent Activators of Naive CD4 T Cells.
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- A Switch in Costimulation from CD28 to 4-1BB during Primary versus Secondary CD8 T Cell Response to Influenza In Vivo.
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- Two-signal requirement for activation and effector function of natural killer cell response to allogeneic tumor cells.
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Blood
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- Differential Regulation of Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Tolerance Induced by Deletion and TCR Revision.
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- B7h is required for T cell activation, differentiation, and effector function.
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PNAS
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- CD27 Promotes Survival of Activated T Cells and Complements CD28 in Generation and Establishment of the Effector T Cell Pool.
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