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Science 2 October 1992:
Vol. 258. no. 5079, pp. 126 - 129
DOI: 10.1126/science.1439760

Articles

Science, Vol 258, Issue 5079, 126-129
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Production of the Alzheimer amyloid beta protein by normal proteolytic processing

M Shoji, TE Golde, J Ghiso, TT Cheung, S Estus, LM Shaffer, XD Cai, DM McKay, R Tintner, B Frangione, and al. et

Department of Neurology, Gunma University, Japan.

The 4-kilodalton (39 to 43 amino acids) amyloid beta protein (beta AP), which is deposited as amyloid in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's diseases, is derived from a large protein, the amyloid beta protein precursor (beta APP). Human mononuclear leukemic (K562) cells expressing a beta AP-bearing, carboxyl-terminal beta APP derivative released significant amounts of a soluble 4-kilodalton beta APP derivative essentially identical to the beta AP deposited in Alzheimer's disease. Human neuroblastoma (M17) cells transfected with constructs expressing full-length beta APP and M17 cells expressing only endogenous beta APP also released soluble 4-kilodalton beta AP, and a similar, if not identical, fragment was readily detected in cerebrospinal fluid from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and normal individuals. Thus cells normally produce and release soluble 4-kilodalton beta AP that is essentially identical to the 4-kilodalton beta AP deposited as insoluble amyloid fibrils in Alzheimer's disease.


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Alzheimer's Disease, {beta}-Amyloid Protein and Zinc.
X. Huang, M. P. Cuajungco, C. S. Atwood, R. D. Moir, R. E. Tanzi, and A. I. Bush (2000)
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The Origins of Alzheimer Disease: A Is for Amyloid.
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Decreased {beta}-amyloid1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
M. Otto, H. Esselmann, W. Schulz-Schaeffer, M. Neumann, A. Schroter, P. Ratzka, L. Cepek, I. Zerr, P. Steinacker, O. Windl, et al. (2000)
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Uptake, Degradation, and Release of Fibrillar and Soluble Forms of Alzheimer's Amyloid beta -Peptide by Microglial Cells.
H. Chung, M. I. Brazil, T. T. Soe, and F. R. Maxfield (1999)
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Cognitive changes and modified processing of amyloid precursor protein in the cortical and hippocampal system after cholinergic synapse loss and muscarinic receptor activation.
L. Lin, B. Georgievska, A. Mattsson, and O. Isacson (1999)
PNAS 96, 12108-12113
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R. G. Perez, S. Soriano, J. D. Hayes, B. Ostaszewski, W. Xia, D. J. Selkoe, X. Chen, G. B. Stokin, and E. H. Koo (1999)
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M. P. Murphy, L. J. Hickman, C. B. Eckman, S. N. Uljon, R. Wang, and T. E. Golde (1999)
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S. F. Lichtenthaler, R. Wang, H. Grimm, S. N. Uljon, C. L. Masters, and K. Beyreuther (1999)
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Competition of Aß amyloid peptide and apolipoprotein E for receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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Protease Inhibitor Coinfusion with Amyloid beta -Protein Results in Enhanced Deposition and Toxicity in Rat Brain.
S. A. Frautschy, D. L. Horn, J. J. Sigel, M. E. Harris-White, J. J. Mendoza, F. Yang, T. C. Saido, and G. M. Cole (1998)
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Q.-X. Li, R. Cappai, G. Evin, J. E. Tanner, C. W. Gray, K. Beyreuther, and C. L. Masters (1998)
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias 13, 236-244
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Alzheimer's amyloid beta and lipid metabolism: a missing link?.
A. R. Koudinov, T. T. Berezov, and N. V. Koudinova (1998)
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C. S. Atwood, R. D. Moir, X. Huang, R. C. Scarpa, N. M. E. Bacarra, D. M. Romano, M. A. Hartshorn, R. E. Tanzi, and A. I. Bush (1998)
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Detection of a Novel Intraneuronal Pool of Insoluble Amyloid beta  Protein that Accumulates with Time in Culture.
D. M. Skovronsky, R. W. Doms, and V. M.-Y. Lee (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 141, 1031-1039
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Alzheimer's-specific effects of soluble beta -amyloid on protein kinase C-alpha and -gamma degradation in human fibroblasts.
A. Favit, M. Grimaldi, T. J. Nelson, and D. L. Alkon (1998)
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Protein Kinase C Activation Increases Release of Secreted Amyloid Precursor Protein without Decreasing Abeta Production in Human Primary Neuron Cultures..
A. C. LeBlanc, M. Koutroumanis, and C. G. Goodyer (1998)
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alpha 2-macroglobulin associates with beta -amyloid peptide and prevents fibril formation.
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Fibrillar beta -Amyloid Induces Microglial Phagocytosis, Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Loss of a Select Population of Neurons in the Rat CNS In Vivo.
D. T. Weldon, S. D. Rogers, J. R. Ghilardi, M. P. Finke, J. P. Cleary, E. O'Hare, W. P. Esler, J. E. Maggio, and P. W. Mantyh (1998)
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Turnover of Amyloid beta -Protein in Mouse Brain and Acute Reduction of Its Level by Phorbol Ester.
M. J. Savage, S. P. Trusko, D. S. Howland, L. R. Pinsker, S. Mistretta, A. G. Reaume, B. D. Greenberg, R. Siman, and R. W. Scott (1998)
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L. Gasparini, M. Racchi, G. Binetti, M. Trabucchi, S. B. Solerte, D. Alkon, R. Etcheberrigaray, G. Gibson, J. Blass, R. Paoletti, et al. (1998)
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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amyloid beta -Protein (Abeta ) 1-40 But Not Abeta 1-42 Contributes to the Experimental Formation of Alzheimer Disease Amyloid Fibrils in Rat Brain.
R.-W. Shin, K. Ogino, A. Kondo, T. C. Saido, J. Q. Trojanowski, T. Kitamoto, and J. Tateishi (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 8187-8193
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Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Abeta 1-40 Aggregation Is Mediated by Conformational Factors.
X. Huang, C. S. Atwood, R. D. Moir, M. A. Hartshorn, J.-P. Vonsattel, R. E. Tanzi, and A. I. Bush (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26464-26470
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Late Compartments of Amyloid Precursor Protein Transport in SY5Y Cells Are Involved in beta -Amyloid Secretion.
G. C. Peraus, C. L. Masters, and K. Beyreuther (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 7714-7724
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Novel beta -Secretase Cleavage of beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum/Intermediate Compartment of NT2N Cells.
A. S.C. Chyung, B. D. Greenberg, D. G. Cook, R. W. Doms, and V. M.-Y. Lee (1997)
J. Cell Biol. 138, 671-680
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Aggregation and disaggregation of senile plaques in Alzheimer disease.
L. Cruz, B. Urbanc, S. V. Buldyrev, R. Christie, T. Gomez-Isla, S. Havlin, M. McNamara, H. E. Stanley, and B. T. Hyman (1997)
PNAS 94, 7612-7616
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Generation of Alzheimer beta -amyloid protein in the trans-Golgi network in the apparent absence of vesicle formation.
H. Xu, D. Sweeney, R. Wang, G. Thinakaran, A. C. Y. Lo, S. S. Sisodia, P. Greengard, and S. Gandy (1997)
PNAS 94, 3748-3752
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Disaggregation of Alzheimer beta -amyloid by site-directed mAb.
B. Solomon, R. Koppel, D. Frankel, and E. Hanan-Aharon (1997)
PNAS 94, 4109-4112
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