Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 21 August 1992:
Vol. 257. no. 5073, pp. 1134 - 1138
DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5073.1134
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Transactivation by AP-1 Is a Molecular Target of T Cell Clonal Anergy

Sang-Mo Kang 1, Bart Beverly 2, Annie-Chen Tran 1, Kurt Brorson 2, Ronald H. Schwartz 2, and Michael J. Lenardot 1

1 Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
2 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892

Anergy is a mechanism of T lymphocyte tolerance induced by antigen receptor stimulation in the absence of co-stimulation. Anergic T cells were shown to have a defect in antigen-induced transcription of the interleukin-2 gene. Analysis of the promoter indicated that the transcription factor AP-1 and its corresponding cis element were specifically down-regulated. Exposure of anergic T cells to interleukin-2 restored both antigen responsiveness and activity of the AP-1 element.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Altered intracellular and extracellular signaling leads to impaired T-cell functions in ADA-SCID patients.
B. Cassani, M. Mirolo, F. Cattaneo, U. Benninghoff, M. Hershfield, F. Carlucci, A. Tabucchi, C. Bordignon, M. G. Roncarolo, and A. Aiuti (2008)
Blood 111, 4209-4219
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FoxP3 maintains Treg unresponsiveness by selectively inhibiting the promoter DNA-binding activity of AP-1.
S.-M. Lee, B. Gao, and D. Fang (2008)
Blood 111, 3599-3606
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inverse Rap1 and Phospho-ERK Expression Discriminate the Maintenance Phase of Tolerance and Priming of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.
A. M. Morton, B. McManus, P. Garside, A. McI. Mowat, and M. M. Harnett (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 8026-8034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ikaros Enforces the Costimulatory Requirement for IL2 Gene Expression and Is Required for Anergy Induction in CD4+ T Lymphocytes.
R. M. Thomas, N. Chunder, C. Chen, S. E. Umetsu, S. Winandy, and A. D. Wells (2007)
J. Immunol. 179, 7305-7315
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of MAP kinase p38 is critical for the cell-cycle-controlled suppressor function of regulatory T cells.
H. S. Adler, S. Kubsch, E. Graulich, S. Ludwig, J. Knop, and K. Steinbrink (2007)
Blood 109, 4351-4359
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NF-AT-Mediated Expression of TGF-beta1 in Tolerant T Cells.
N. Nakano, H. Hosokawa, M. Kohyama, and N. Hozumi (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 3067-3075
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mycobacterium leprae Inhibits Dendritic Cell Activation and Maturation.
R. A. Murray, M. R. Siddiqui, M. Mendillo, J. Krahenbuhl, and G. Kaplan (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 338-344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p300/Cyclic AMP-Responsive Element Binding-Binding Protein Mediates Transcriptional Coactivation by the CD28 T Cell Costimulatory Receptor.
S. L. Nandiwada, W. Li, R. Zhang, and D. L. Mueller (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 401-413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adaptive Tolerance and Clonal Anergy Are Distinct Biochemical States.
L. Chiodetti, S. Choi, D. L. Barber, and R. H. Schwartz (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 2279-2291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasticity in the positive selection of T cells: affinity of the selecting antigen and IL-7 affect T cell responsiveness.
R. L. Rubin and T. M. Hermanson (2005)
Int. Immunol. 17, 959-971
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transgenic Ly-49A Inhibits Antigen-Driven T Cell Activation and Delays Diabetes.
S. S. Smith, T. Patterson, and M. E. Pauza (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 3897-3905
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Growth Response Gene-2, a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor, Is Required for Full Induction of Clonal Anergy in CD4+ T Cells.
J. E. Harris, K. D. Bishop, N. E. Phillips, J. P. Mordes, D. L. Greiner, A. A. Rossini, and M. P. Czech (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 7331-7338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Murine CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Fail to Undergo Chromatin Remodeling Across the Proximal Promoter Region of the IL-2 Gene.
L. Su, R. J. Creusot, E. M. Gallo, S. M. Chan, P. J. Utz, C. G. Fathman, and J. Ermann (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 4994-5001
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of the Maintenance of Peripheral T-Cell Anergy by TAB1-Mediated p38{alpha} Activation.
K. Ohkusu-Tsukada, N. Tominaga, H. Udono, and K. Yui (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 6957-6966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differences in the Kinetics, Amplitude, and Localization of ERK Activation in Anergy and Priming Revealed at the Level of Individual Primary T Cells by Laser Scanning Cytometry.
C. L. Adams, A. M. Grierson, A. M. Mowat, M. M. Harnett, and P. Garside (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 1579-1586
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PKC{theta} Signals Activation versus Tolerance In Vivo.
N. N. Berg-Brown, M. A. Gronski, R. G. Jones, A. R. Elford, E. K. Deenick, B. Odermatt, D. R. Littman, and P. S. Ohashi (2004)
J. Exp. Med. 199, 743-752
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bcl-3 and NF{kappa}B p50-p50 Homodimers Act as Transcriptional Repressors in Tolerant CD4+ T Cells.
S. Grundstrom, P. Anderson, P. Scheipers, and A. Sundstedt (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 8460-8468
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ectopic B-Raf Expression Enhances Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling in T Cells and Prevents Antigen-presenting Cell-induced Anergy.
T. J. Dillon, V. Karpitski, S. A. Wetzel, D. C. Parker, A. S. Shaw, and P. J. S. Stork (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 35940-35949
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Model for Antigen-Specific T-Cell Anergy: Displacement of CD4-p56lck Signalosome from the Lipid Rafts by a Soluble, Dimeric Peptide-MHC Class II Chimera.
S. Thomas, R. Kumar, A. Preda-Pais, S. Casares, and T.-D. Brumeanu (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 5981-5992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exploring the reciprocal relationship between immunity and inflammation in chronic inflammatory arthritis.
A. P. Cope (2003)
Rheumatology 42, 716-731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The lectin jacalin induces phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in CD4+ T cells.
S. M. L. Tamma, V. S. Kalyanaraman, S. Pahwa, P. Dominguez, and R. R. Modesto (2003)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 73, 682-688
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of T Cell Activation and Tolerance by Phospholipase C{gamma}-1-Dependent Integrin Avidity Modulation.
A. D. Wells, Q.-H. Liu, B. Hondowicz, J. Zhang, L. A. Turka, and B. D. Freedman (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 4127-4133
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
cAMP inhibits both Ras and Rap1 activation in primary human T lymphocytes, but only Ras inhibition correlates with blockade of cell cycle progression.
T. Grader-Beck, A. A. F. L. van Puijenbroek, L. M. Nadler, and V. A. Boussiotis (2003)
Blood 101, 998-1006
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Inhibits the Raf-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway by Binding to Raf-1.
E. Ayroldi, O. Zollo, A. Macchiarulo, B. Di Marco, C. Marchetti, and C. Riccardi (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7929-7941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Cell Hyporesponsiveness Induced by Oral Administration of Ovalbumin Is Associated with Impaired NFAT Nuclear Translocation and p27kip1 Degradation.
K. Asai, S. Hachimura, M. Kimura, T. Toraya, M. Yamashita, T. Nakayama, and S. Kaminogawa (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 4723-4731
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression patterns of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) at presentation and their modulation by intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIg) treatment: their role in prognosis.
A. Mouzaki, M. Theodoropoulou, I. Gianakopoulos, V. Vlaha, M.-C. Kyrtsonis, and A. Maniatis (2002)
Blood 100, 1774-1779
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CTLA-4 Is Not Required for Induction of CD8+ T Cell Anergy In Vivo.
K. A. Frauwirth, M.-L. Alegre, and C. B. Thompson (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 4936-4941
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Facilitate the Induction of T Cell Anergy.
J. Ermann, V. Szanya, G. S. Ford, V. Paragas, C. G. Fathman, and K. Lejon (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 4271-4275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signaling Alterations in Activation-Induced Nonresponsive CD8 T Cells.
E. L. Tham and M. F. Mescher (2001)
J. Immunol. 167, 2040-2048
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Transcriptional Block in the IL-2 Promoter at the -150 AP-1 Site in Effector CD8+ T Cells.
R. J. Finch, P. E. Fields, and P. D. Greenberg (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 6530-6536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Kinase C-{{theta}} Participates in the Activation of Cyclic AMP-Responsive Element-Binding Protein and Its Subsequent Binding to the -180 Site of the IL-2 Promoter in Normal Human T Lymphocytes.
E. E. Solomou, Y.-T. Juang, and G. C. Tsokos (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 5665-5674
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High in vivo expression of interleukin-17 receptor in synovial endothelial cells and chondrocytes from arthritis patients.
M. C. Honorati, R. Meliconi, L. Pulsatelli, S. Cane, L. Frizziero, and A. Facchini (2001)
Rheumatology 40, 522-527
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Activator Protein-1 and NF-{{kappa}}B in CD8+ T Cells Exposed To Peripheral Self-Antigens.
S. Guerder, M. Rincon, and A.-M. Schmitt-Verhulst (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 4399-4407
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD28 co-stimulation restores T cell responsiveness in NOD mice by overcoming deficiencies in Rac-1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and IL-2 and IL-4 gene transcription.
J. Zhang, K. V. Salojin, and T. L. Delovitch (2001)
Int. Immunol. 13, 377-384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C-Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase (Jnk)1 and Jnk2 Have Similar and Stage-Dependent Roles in Regulating T Cell Apoptosis and Proliferation.
K. Sabapathy, T. Kallunki, J.-P. David, I. Graef, M. Karin, and E. F. Wagner (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 193, 317-328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Anergy in Th1 Cells Associated with Increased Levels of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 1.
S. K. Jackson, A. DeLoose, and K. M. Gilbert (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 952-958
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Blockade of Costimulation Through B7/CD28 Inhibits Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis, But Does Not Induce Long-Term Tolerance.
P. B. Silver, K. S. Hathcock, C.-C. Chan, B. Wiggert, and R. R. Caspi (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 5041-5047
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Abnormal Immune Function of Hemopoietic Cells from Alymphoplasia (aly) Mice, a Natural Strain with Mutant NF-{kappa}B-Inducing Kinase.
T. Yamada, T. Mitani, K. Yorita, D. Uchida, A. Matsushima, K. Iwamasa, S. Fujita, and M. Matsumoto (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 804-812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Repression of IL-2 Promoter Activity by the Novel Basic Leucine Zipper p21SNFT Protein.
M. Iacobelli, W. Wachsman, and K. L. McGuire (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 860-868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Duration of Nuclear Residence of NFAT Determines the Pattern of Cytokine Expression in Human SCID T Cells.
S. Feske, R. Draeger, H.-H. Peter, K. Eichmann, and A. Rao (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 297-305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired Ca/calcineurin pathway in in vivo anergized CD4 T cells.
M. Kimura, M. Yamashita, M. Kubo, M. Iwashima, C. Shimizu, K. Tokoyoda, J. Chiba, M. Taniguchi, M. Katsumata, and T. Nakayama (2000)
Int. Immunol. 12, 817-824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Population of In Vivo Anergized T Cells with a Lower Activation Threshold for the Induction of CD25 Exhibit Differential Requirements in Mobilization of Intracellular Calcium and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation.
O. Utting, S.-J. Teh, and H.-S. Teh (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 2881-2889
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of T Cell Anergy in the Absence of CTLA-4/B7 Interaction.
K. A. Frauwirth, M.-L. Alegre, and C. B. Thompson (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 2987-2993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IL-2 Unresponsiveness in Anergic CD4+ T Cells Is Due to Defective Signaling Through the Common {gamma}-Chain of the IL-2 Receptor.
S. Grundstrom, M. Dohlsten, and A. Sundstedt (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 1175-1184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mucosa-Specific Targets for Regulation of IFN-{gamma} Expression: Lamina Propria T Cells Use Different cis-Elements than Peripheral Blood T Cells to Regulate Transactivation of IFN-{gamma} Expression.
R. Gonsky, R. L. Deem, J. H. Bream, D. H. Lee, H. A. Young, and S. R. Targan (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 1399-1407
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anergic T Lymphocytes Selectively Express an Integrin Regulatory Protein of the Cytohesin Family.
U. Korthauer, W. Nagel, E. M. Davis, M. M. Le Beau, R. S. Menon, E. O. Mitchell, C. A. Kozak, W. Kolanus, and J. A. Bluestone (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 308-318
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The -180 Site of the IL-2 Promoter Is the Target of CREB/CREM Binding in T Cell Anergy.
J. D. Powell, C. G. Lerner, G. R. Ewoldt, and R. H. Schwartz (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 6631-6639
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased c-Fos/activator protein-1 confers resistance against anergy induction on antigen-specific T cell.
H. Kawasaki1, Y. Nakata, G. Suzuki, K. Chihara, T. Tokuhisa, and S. Shiozawa (1999)
Int. Immunol. 11, 1873-1880
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Requirements for NF-{kappa}B and AP-1 trans-Activation in Response to Minimal TCR Engagement by a Partial Agonist in Naive CD8 T Cells.
N. Auphan, S. Ghosh, R. A. Flavell, and A.-M. Schmitt-Verhulst (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 5219-5227
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Primary Human CD4+ T Cells Contain Heterogeneous I{kappa}B Kinase Complexes: Role in Activation of the IL-2 Promoter.
A. Khoshnan, S. J. Kempiak, B. L. Bennett, D. Bae, W. Xu, A. M. Manning, C. H. June, and A. E. Nel (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 5444-5452
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Anergy and Cytokine-Mediated Suppression as Distinct Superantigen-Induced Tolerance Mechanisms in Vivo.
C. Miller, J. A. Ragheb, and R. H. Schwartz (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 190, 53-64
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Costimulation Reverses the Defect in IL-2 But Not Effector Cytokine Production by T Cells with Impaired I{kappa}B{alpha} Degradation.
T. M. Aune, A. L. Mora, S. Kim, M. Boothby, and A. H. Lichtman (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5805-5812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Signal Integration of TCR/CD28 Costimulation in Primary Murine T Cells.
J. Zhang, K. V. Salojin, J.-X. Gao, M. J. Cameron, I. Bergerot, and T. L. Delovitch (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 3819-3829
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Jun Kinase Cascade Is Responsible for Activating the CD28 Response Element of the IL-2 Promoter: Proof of Cross-Talk with the I{kappa}B Kinase Cascade.
S. J. Kempiak, T. S. Hiura, and A. E. Nel (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 3176-3187
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Jun Kinase Phosphorylates and Regulates the DNA Binding Activity of an Octamer Binding Protein, T-Cell Factor beta 1.
S. Kasibhatla, P. Tailor, N. Bonefoy-Berard, T. Mustelin, A. Altman, and A. Fotedar (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 2021-2031
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression by Rapamycin Induces T Cell Clonal Anergy Even in the Presence of Costimulation.
J. D. Powell, C. G. Lerner, and R. H. Schwartz (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 2775-2784
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for Repression of IL-2 Gene Activation in Anergic T Cells.
D. G. Telander, E.-N. Malvey, and D. L. Mueller (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1460-1465
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Costimulatory signals are required for induction of transcription factor Nur77 during negative selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes.
D. Amsen, C. R. Calvo, B. A. Osborne, and A. M. Kruisbeek (1999)
PNAS 96, 622-627
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Anergized CD4+ T Cells Have Defective Expression and Function of the Activating Protein-1 Transcription Factor.
A. Sundstedt and M. Dohlsten (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 5930-5936
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A p56lck-independent Pathway of CD2 Signaling Involves Jun Kinase.
R. Sunder-Plassmann and E. L. Reinherz (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24249-24257
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Peripheral Immune Tolerance Blocks Clonal Expansion but Fails to Prevent the Differentiation of Th1 Cells.
E.-N. Malvey, M. K. Jenkins, and D. L. Mueller (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 2168-2177
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Consequences of Intrathymic TCR Engagement by Partial Agonist on Selection Events and Peripheral T Cell Activation Program.
N. Auphan, A. K. Simon, H. Asnagli, R. J. Phillips, M. Rincon, S. Ghosh, R. A. Flavell, and A.-M. Schmitt-Verhulst (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 4810-4821
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interleukin 10 Secretion and Impaired Effector Function of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-restricted T Cells Anergized In Vivo.
J. Buer, A. Lanoue, A. Franzke, C. Garcia, H. v. Boehmer, and A. Sarukhan (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 177-183
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differences Between Responses of Naive and Activated T Cells to Anergy Induction.
R. J. Hayashi, D. Y. Loh, O. Kanagawa, and F. Wang (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 33-38
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Maintenance of Human T Cell Anergy: Blocking of IL-2 Gene Transcription by Activated Rap1.
V. A. Boussiotis, G. J. Freeman, A. Berezovskaya, D. L. Barber, and L. M. Nadler (1997)
Science 278, 124-128
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Regulation of Interleukin-2 Transcription by Inducible Stable Expression of Dominant Negative and Dominant Active Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase in Jurkat T Cells. EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF Ras IN A PATHWAY THAT IS CONTROLLED BY DUAL RECEPTOR STIMULATION.
M. Faris, N. Kokot, L. Lee, and A. E. Nel (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 27366-27373
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Induce Activation of Activated Protein-1 in CD4+ T Cells.
N. Chirmule, H. Goonewardena, S. Pahwa, R. Pasieka, V. S. Kalyanaraman, and S. Pahwa (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19364-19369
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Negative Transcriptional Regulation of the Interferon-[IMAGE] Promoter by Glucocorticoids and Dominant Negative Mutants of c-Jun.
M. Cippitelli, A. Sica, V. Viggiano, J. Ye, P. Ghosh, M. J. Birrer, and H. A. Young (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12548-12556
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prevention of T cell anergy by signaling through the gamma c chain of the IL-2 receptor.
V. Boussiotis, D. Barber, T Nakarai, G. Freeman, J. Gribben, G. Bernstein, A. D'Andrea, J Ritz, and L. Nadler (1994)
Science 266, 1039-1042
   Abstract »    PDF »
T cell deletion in high antigen dose therapy of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
J. Critchfield, M. Racke, J. Zuniga-Pflucker, B Cannella, C. Raine, J Goverman, and M. Lenardo (1994)
Science 263, 1139-1143
   Abstract »    PDF »
Targeting of p300 to the Interleukin-2 Promoter via CREB-Rel Cross-talk during Mitogen and Oncogenic Molecular Signaling in Activated T-cells.
W. G. Butscher, C. M. Haggerty, S. Chaudhry, and K. Gardner (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27647-27656
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Uncoupling of T-cell Receptor Engagement and Lck Activation in Anergic Human Thymic CD4+ T Cells.
W. Fujimaki, M. Iwashima, J. Yagi, H. Zhang, H. Yagi, K. Seo, Y. Imai, K.'i. Imanishi, and T. Uchiyama (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 17455-17460
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of AP-1 by the Glucocorticoid-inducible Protein GILZ.
P. R. Mittelstadt and J. D. Ashwell (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 29603-29610
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)