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Science 3 July 1992:
Vol. 257. no. 5066, pp. 50 - 56
DOI: 10.1126/science.1621094
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Articles

Science, Vol 257, Issue 5066, 50-56
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Neurexins: synaptic cell surface proteins related to the alpha-latrotoxin receptor and laminin

YA Ushkaryov, AG Petrenko, M Geppert, and TC Sudhof

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.

A family of highly polymorphic neuronal cell surface proteins, the neurexins, has been identified. At least two genes for neurexins exist. Each gene uses alternative promoters and multiple variably spliced exons to potentially generate more than a 100 different neurexin transcripts. The neurexins were discovered by the identification of one member of the family as the receptor for alpha-latrotoxin. This toxin is a component of the venom from black widow spiders; it binds to presynaptic nerve terminals and triggers massive neurotransmitter release. Neurexins contain single transmembrane regions and extracellular domains with repeated sequences similar to sequences in laminin A, slit, and agrin, proteins that have been implicated in axon guidance and synaptogenesis. An antibody to neurexin I showed highly concentrated immunoreactivity at the synapse. The polymorphic structure of the neurexins, their neural localization, and their sequence similarity to proteins associated with neurogenesis suggest a function as cell recognition molecules in the nerve terminal.


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Latrophilin, Neurexin, and Their Signaling-deficient Mutants Facilitate alpha -Latrotoxin Insertion into Membranes but Are Not Involved in Pore Formation.
K. E. Volynski, F. A. Meunier, V. G. Lelianova, E. E. Dudina, T. M. Volkova, M. A. Rahman, C. Manser, E. V. Grishin, J. O. Dolly, R. H. Ashley, et al. (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 41175-41183
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The G Protein-coupled Receptor CL1 Interacts Directly with Proteins of the Shank Family.
S. Tobaben, T. C. Sudhof, and B. Stahl (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 36204-36210
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alpha -Latrotoxin, Acting via Two Ca2+-dependent Pathways, Triggers Exocytosis of Two Pools of Synaptic Vesicles.
A. C. Ashton, K. E. Volynski, V. G. Lelianova, E. V. Orlova, C. Van Renterghem, M. Canepari, M. Seagar, and Y. A. Ushkaryov (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 44695-44703
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