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Science 8 May 1992:
Vol. 256. no. 5058, pp. 780 - 783
DOI: 10.1126/science.256.5058.780
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Articles

Science, Vol 256, Issue 5058, 780-783
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Alzheimer's disease: a cell biological perspective

KS Kosik

Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

An almost bewildering number of findings concerning Alzheimer's disease mask the significant recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of some inherited forms of this disease and the proteolytic processing of proteins related to the disease. Alzheimer's disease is an amyloidosis, a condition in which certain proteins or protein fragments precipitate in various tissues as amyloid, fibrillar aggregates with a beta-pleated sheet conformation. Alzheimer's is also characterized by neuritic lesions and cell death. Some rare forms of the disease are now known to arise from a mutation in an amyloidogenic protein. Another recent insight is the discovery of an endosomal-lysosomal processing pathway capable of generating protein fragments that can deposit extracellularly as amyloid fibrils. Key future directions for cellular-based research in Alzheimer's disease include the study of membrane trafficking and the passage of intracellular material to the extracellular milieu, molecular signaling among intracellular compartments, the interaction between organelles and the neuronal cytoskeleton, and the nature of cytoskeletal reorganization after neuronal injury.


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