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Science 1 May 1992:
Vol. 256. no. 5057, pp. 677 - 679
DOI: 10.1126/science.1350109
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Articles

Science, Vol 256, Issue 5057, 677-679
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Microdomains of high calcium concentration in a presynaptic terminal

R Llinas, M Sugimori, and RB Silver

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.

Increases in intracellular calcium concentration are required for the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals in all neurons. However, the mechanism by which calcium exerts its effect is not known. A low-sensitivity calcium-dependent photoprotein (n-aequorin-J) was injected into the presynaptic terminal of the giant squid synapse to selectively detect high calcium concentration microdomains. During transmitter release, light emission occurred at specific points or quantum emission domains that remained in the same place during protracted stimulation. Intracellular calcium concentration microdomains on the order of 200 to 300 micromolar occur against the cytoplasmic surface of the plasmalemma during transmitter secretion, supporting the view that the synaptic vesicular fusion responsible for transmitter release is triggered by the activation of a low-affinity calcium-binding site at the active zone.


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C. Erxleben, N. Klauke, M. Flotenmeyer, M.-P. Blanchard, C. Braun, and H. Plattner (1997)
J. Cell Biol. 136, 597-607
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`Oxidation Inhibits Substrate Proteolysis by Calpain I but Not Autolysis.
R. P. Guttmann, J. S. Elce, P. D. Bell, J. C. Isbell, and G. V.W. Johnson (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2005-2012
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Intracellular Ca2+ signals in Dictyostelium chemotaxis are mediated exclusively by Ca2+ influx.
T Nebl and P. Fisher (1997)
J. Cell Sci. 110, 2845-2853
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