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Science 3 April 1992:
Vol. 256. no. 5053, pp. 105 - 107
DOI: 10.1126/science.1373518
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Articles

Science, Vol 256, Issue 5053, 105-107
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes

RH Carter and DT Fearon

Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Lymphocytes must proliferate and differentiate in response to low concentrations of a vast array of antigens. The requirements of broad specificity and sensitivity conflict because the former is met by low-affinity antigen receptors, which precludes achieving the latter with high-affinity receptors. Coligation of the membrane protein CD19 with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes decreased the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation by two orders of magnitude. B lymphocytes proliferated when approximately 100 antigen receptors per cell, 0.03 percent of the total, were coligated with CD19. The B cell resolves its dilemma by having an accessory protein that enables activation when few antigen receptors are occupied.


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