Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 20 March 1992:
Vol. 255. no. 5051, pp. 1517 - 1523
DOI: 10.1126/science.1549781
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 255, Issue 5051, 1517-1523
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Cerebral cortical mechanisms of reaching movements

JF Kalaska and DJ Crammond

Departement de Physiologie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Because reaching movements have a clear objective--to bring the hand to the spatial location of an object--they are well suited to study how the central nervous system plans a purposeful act from sensory input to motor output. Most models of movement planning propose a serial hierarchy of analytic steps. However, the central nervous system is organized into densely interconnected populations of neurons. This paradox between the apparent serial order of central nervous system function and its complex internal organization is strikingly demonstrated by recent behavioral, modeling, and neurophysiological studies of reaching movements.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The Dorsomedial Pathway Is Not Just for Reaching: Grasping Neurons in the Medial Parieto-Occipital Cortex of the Macaque Monkey.
P. Fattori, V. Raos, R. Breveglieri, A. Bosco, N. Marzocchi, and C. Galletti (2010)
J. Neurosci. 30, 342-349
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cerebellar Inputs to Intraparietal Cortex Areas LIP and MIP: Functional Frameworks for Adaptive Control of Eye Movements, Reaching, and Arm/Eye/Head Movement Coordination.
V. Prevosto, W. Graf, and G. Ugolini (2010)
Cereb Cortex 20, 214-228
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Decoding the Cortical Transformations for Visually Guided Reaching in 3D Space.
G. Blohm, G. P. Keith, and J. D. Crawford (2009)
Cereb Cortex 19, 1372-1393
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transformation of a Virtual Action Plan into a Motor Plan in the Premotor Cortex.
Y. Nakayama, T. Yamagata, J. Tanji, and E. Hoshi (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 10287-10297
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuronal Activity in the Cingulate Motor Areas During Adaptation to a New Dynamic Environment.
A. G. Richardson, G. Lassi-Tucci, C. Padoa-Schioppa, and E. Bizzi (2008)
J Neurophysiol 99, 1253-1266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Parietal "Reach Region" Primarily Encodes Intrinsic Visual Direction, Not Extrinsic Movement Direction, in a Visual Motor Dissociation Task.
J. Fernandez-Ruiz, H. C. Goltz, J. F. X. DeSouza, T. Vilis, and J. D. Crawford (2007)
Cereb Cortex 17, 2283-2292
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Afferent Input, Efference Copy, Signal Noise, and Biases in Perception of Joint Angle During Active Versus Passive Elbow Movements.
V. Gritsenko, N. I. Krouchev, and J. F. Kalaska (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 1140-1154
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temporal Complexity and Heterogeneity of Single-Neuron Activity in Premotor and Motor Cortex.
M. M. Churchland and K. V. Shenoy (2007)
J Neurophysiol 97, 4235-4257
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Torque-Related Activity in Primary Motor Cortex During a Multijoint Postural Task.
T. M. Herter, I. Kurtzer, D. W. Cabel, K. A. Haunts, and S. H. Scott (2007)
J Neurophysiol 97, 2887-2899
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Useful signals from motor cortex.
A. B. Schwartz (2007)
J. Physiol. 579, 581-601
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Memory-Guided Pointing During Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Human Parietal Cortex.
M. Vesia, J. A. Monteon, L. E. Sergio, and J. D. Crawford (2006)
J Neurophysiol 96, 3016-3027
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function.
C. Capaday (2004)
Neuroscientist 10, 207-220
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cortical Involvement in the Recruitment of Wrist Muscles.
A. Shah, A. H. Fagg, and A. G. Barto (2004)
J Neurophysiol 91, 2445-2456
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuronal Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area of Monkeys Adapting to a New Dynamic Environment.
C. Padoa-Schioppa, C.-S. R. Li, and E. Bizzi (2004)
J Neurophysiol 91, 449-473
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Motor Subcircuits Mediating the Control of Movement Extent and Speed.
R. S. Turner, M. Desmurget, J. Grethe, M. D. Crutcher, and S. T. Grafton (2003)
J Neurophysiol 90, 3958-3966
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single-Unit Activity Related to Bimanual Arm Movements in the Primary and Supplementary Motor Cortices.
O. Donchin, A. Gribova, O. Steinberg, A. R. Mitz, H. Bergman, and E. Vaadia (2002)
J Neurophysiol 88, 3498-3517
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
On the Relationship Between Joint Angular Velocity and Motor Cortical Discharge During Reaching.
G. A. Reina, D. W. Moran, and A. B. Schwartz (2001)
J Neurophysiol 85, 2576-2589
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kinematic Coordinates In Which Motor Cortical Cells Encode Movement Direction.
R. Ajemian, D. Bullock, and S. Grossberg (2000)
J Neurophysiol 84, 2191-2203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Congenitally Blind Individuals Rapidly Adapt to Coriolis Force Perturbations of Their Reaching Movements.
P. DiZio and J. R. Lackner (2000)
J Neurophysiol 84, 2175-2180
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prior Information in Motor and Premotor Cortex: Activity During the Delay Period and Effect on Pre-Movement Activity.
D. J. Crammond and J. F. Kalaska (2000)
J Neurophysiol 84, 986-1005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Coding of Locomotor Phase in Populations of Neurons in Rostral and Caudal Segments of the Neonatal Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord.
M. C. Tresch and O. Kiehn (1999)
J Neurophysiol 82, 3563-3574
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Motor Cortical Representation of Speed and Direction During Reaching.
D. W. Moran and A. B. Schwartz (1999)
J Neurophysiol 82, 2676-2692
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Blueprint for Movement: Functional and Anatomical Representations in the Human Motor System.
M. Rijntjes, C. Dettmers, C. Buchel, S. Kiebel, R. S. J. Frackowiak, and C. Weiller (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 8043-8048
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integration of Proprioceptive and Visual Position-Information: An Experimentally Supported Model.
R. J. van Beers, A. C. Sittig, and J. J. D. v. d. Gon (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 1355-1364
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visuomotor Processing as Reflected in the Directional Discharge of Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Neurons.
M.T.V. Johnson, J. D. Coltz, M. C. Hagen, and T. J. Ebner (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 875-894
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence for an Eye-Centered Spherical Representation of the Visuomotor Map.
P. Vetter, S. J. Goodbody, and D. M. Wolpert (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 935-939
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Signal-, Set- and Movement-related Activity in the Human Brain: An Event-related fMRI Study.
I. Toni, N. D. Schluter, O. Josephs, K. Friston, and R. E. Passingham (1999)
Cereb Cortex 9, 35-49
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evidence that Trigeminal Brainstem Interneurons Form Subpopulations to Produce Different Forms of Mastication in the Rabbit.
K.-G. Westberg, P. Clavelou, G. Sandstrom, and J. P. Lund (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 6466-6479
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
PET Study of Pointing With Visual Feedback of Moving Hands.
K. Inoue, R. Kawashima, K. Satoh, S. Kinomura, R. Goto, M. Koyama, M. Sugiura, M. Ito, and H. Fukuda (1998)
J Neurophysiol 79, 117-125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reaching Movements With Similar Hand Paths but Different Arm Orientations. II. Activity of Individual Cells in Dorsal Premotor Cortex and Parietal Area 5 .
S. H. Scott, L. E. Sergio, and J. F. Kalaska (1997)
J Neurophysiol 78, 2413-2426
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuronal Activity in the Ventral Part of Premotor Cortex During Target-Reach Movement is Modulated by Direction of Gaze.
H. Mushiake, Y. Tanatsugu, and J. Tanji (1997)
J Neurophysiol 78, 567-571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Visuospatial Properties of Ventral Premotor Cortex.
M. S. A. Graziano, X. T. Hu, and C. G. Gross (1997)
J Neurophysiol 77, 2268-2292
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamic Motor Cortical Organization.
J. N. Sanes and J. P. Donoghue (1997)
Neuroscientist 3, 158-165
   Abstract »    PDF »
Reaching Movements With Similar Hand Paths But Different Arm Orientations. I. Activity of Individual Cells in Motor Cortex.
S. H. Scott and J. F. Kalaska (1997)
J Neurophysiol 77, 826-852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Generalization to Local Remappings of the Visuomotor Coordinate Transformation.
Z. Ghahramani, D. M. Wolpert, and M. I. Jordan (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 7085-7096
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolution of Directional Preferences in the Supplementary Eye Field during Acquisition of Conditional Oculomotor Associations.
L. L. Chen and S. P. Wise (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 3067-3081
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The basal ganglia and adaptive motor control.
A. Graybiel, T Aosaki, A. Flaherty, and M Kimura (1994)
Science 265, 1826-1831
   Abstract »    PDF »
Direct cortical representation of drawing.
A. Schwartz (1994)
Science 265, 540-542
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cognitive neurophysiology of the motor cortex.
A. Georgopoulos, M Taira, and A Lukashin (1993)
Science 260, 47-52
   Abstract »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)