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Science 28 February 1992:
Vol. 255. no. 5048, pp. 1098 - 1105
DOI: 10.1126/science.1546311
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Articles

Science, Vol 255, Issue 5048, 1098-1105
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Innovative materials processing strategies: a biomimetic approach

AH Heuer, DJ Fink, VJ Laraia, JL Arias, PD Calvert, K Kendall, GL Messing, J Blackwell, PC Rieke, DH Thompson, and al. et

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.

Many organisms construct structural ceramic (biomineral) composites from seemingly mundane materials; cell-mediated processes control both the nucleation and growth of mineral and the development of composite microarchitecture. Living systems fabricate biocomposites by: (i) confining biomineralization within specific subunit compartments; (ii) producing a specific mineral with defined crystal size and orientation; and (iii) packaging many incremental units together in a moving front process to form fully densified, macroscopic structures. By adapting biological principles, materials scientists are attempting to produce novel materials. To date, neither the elegance of the biomineral assembly mechanisms nor the intricate composite microarchitectures have been duplicated by nonbiological processing. However, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of how biomineralization occurs, and the first steps are now being taken to exploit the basic principles involved.


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