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Science 1 November 1991:
Vol. 254. no. 5032, pp. 726 - 729
DOI: 10.1126/science.1683005
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Articles

Science, Vol 254, Issue 5032, 726-729
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Pre-Botzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals

JC Smith, HH Ellenberger, K Ballanyi, DW Richter, and JL Feldman

Department of Kinesiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1527.

The location of neurons generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals is unknown. By microsection of the neonatal rat brainstem in vitro, a limited region of the ventral medulla (the pre-Botzinger Complex) that contains neurons essential for rhythmogenesis was identified. Rhythm generation was eliminated by removal of only this region. Medullary slices containing the pre-Botzinger Complex generated respiratory-related oscillations similar to those generated by the whole brainstem in vitro, and neurons with voltage-dependent pacemaker-like properties were identified in this region. Thus, the respiratory rhythm in the mammalian neonatal nervous system may result from a population of conditional bursting pacemaker neurons in the pre-Botzinger Complex.


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Neurosteroid modulation of respiratory rhythm in rats during the perinatal period.
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Zacopride and 8-OH-DPAT reverse opioid-induced respiratory depression and hypoxia but not catatonic immobilization in goats.
L. C. R. Meyer, A. Fuller, and D. Mitchell (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 290, R405-R413
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct rhythm generators for inspiration and expiration in the juvenile rat.
W. A. Janczewski and J. L. Feldman (2006)
J. Physiol. 570, 407-420
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel two-rhythm generator theory of breathing in mammals.
P. G. Guyenet (2006)
J. Physiol. 570, 207
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Rhythmic Neuronal Discharge in the Medulla and Spinal Cord of Fetal Rats in the Absence of Synaptic Transmission.
J. Ren, Y. Momose-Sato, K. Sato, and J. J. Greer (2006)
J Neurophysiol 95, 527-534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenosine A2A receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition of respiration in immature rats.
C. A. Mayer, M. A. Haxhiu, R. J. Martin, and C. G. Wilson (2006)
J Appl Physiol 100, 91-97
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Qualitative Differences of Divalent Salts: Multidimensional Scaling and Cluster Analysis.
J. Lim and H. T. Lawless (2005)
Chem Senses 30, 719-726
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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