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Science 31 May 1991:
Vol. 252. no. 5010, pp. 1260 - 1266
DOI: 10.1126/science.252.5010.1260
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Articles
The Potential for Ozone Depletion in the Arctic Polar Stratosphere
W. H. BRUNE 1,
J. G. ANDERSON 2,
D. W. TOOHEY 2,
D. W. FAHEY 3,
S. R. KAWA 3,
R. L. JONES 4,
D. S. MCKENNA 5, and
L. R. POOLE 6
1 Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
2 Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
3 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303
4 The Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 lEW, United Kingdom
5 The Atmospheric Chemistry Group, United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 ZSZ, United Kingdom
6 At the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23665
The nature of the Arctic polar stratosphere is observed to be similar in many respects to that of the Antarctic polar stratosphere, where an ozone hole has been identified. Most of the available chlorine (HCl and ClONO2) was converted by reactions on polar stratospheric clouds to reactive ClO and Cl2O2 throughout the Arctic polar vortex before midwinter. Reactive nitrogen was converted to HNO3, and some, with spatial inhomogeneity, fell out of the stratosphere. These chemical changes ensured characteristic ozone losses of 10 to 15% at altitudes inside the polar vortex where polar stratospheric clouds had occurred. These local losses can translate into 5 to 8% losses in the vertical column abundance of ozone. As the amount of stratospheric chlorine inevitably increases by 50% over the next two decades, ozone losses recognizable as an ozone hole may well appear.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
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- Interhemispheric Differences in Polar Stratospheric HNO3, H2O, CIO, and O3.
- M. L. Santee, W. G. Read, J. W. Waters, L. Froidevaux, G. L. Manney, D. A. Flower, R. F. Jarnot, R. S. Harwood, and G. E. Peckham (1995)
Science
267, 849-852
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- Physical Chemistry of the H2SO4/HNO3/H2O System: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds.
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- Chlorine Chemistry on Polar Stratospheric Cloud Particles in the Arctic Winter.
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- The Seasonal Evolution of Reactive Chlorine in the Northern Hemisphere Stratosphere.
- D. W. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, L. R. Lait, P. A. Newman, M. R. Schoeberl, D. W. Fahey, E. L. Woodbridge, and J. G. Anderson (1993)
Science
261, 1134-1136
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- Chemical Loss of Ozone in the Arctic Polar Vortex in the Winter of 1991-1992.
- R. J. Salawitch, S. C. Wofsy, E. W. Gottlieb, L. R. Lait, P. A. Newman, M. R. Schoeberl, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, S. E. Strahan, M. H. Proffitt, et al. (1993)
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261, 1146-1149
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