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Science 5 April 1991:
Vol. 252. no. 5002, pp. 123 - 126
DOI: 10.1126/science.2011747
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Articles

Science, Vol 252, Issue 5002, 123-126
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Spiral calcium wave propagation and annihilation in Xenopus laevis oocytes

J Lechleiter, S Girard, E Peralta, and D Clapham

Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger. Information is encoded in the magnitude, frequency, and spatial organization of changes in the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+. Regenerative spiral waves of release of free Ca2+ were observed by confocal microscopy in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. This pattern of Ca2+ activity is characteristic of an intracellular milieu that behaves as a regenerative excitable medium. The minimal critical radius for propagation of focal Ca2+ waves (10.4 micrometers) and the effective diffusion constant for the excitation signal (2.3 x 10(-6) square centimeters per second) were estimated from measurements of velocity and curvature of circular wavefronts expanding from foci. By modeling Ca2+ release with cellular automata, the absolute refractory period for Ca2+ stores (4.7 seconds) was determined. Other phenomena expected of an excitable medium, such as wave propagation of undiminished amplitude and annihilation of colliding wavefronts, were observed.


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