Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 29 March 1991:
Vol. 251. no. 5001, pp. 1608 - 1610
DOI: 10.1126/science.2011742
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 251, Issue 5001, 1608-1610
Copyright © 1991 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury

J Sato and ER Perl

University of North Carolina, Department of Physiology, Chapel Hill 27599.

The mechanisms by which peripheral nerve injuries sometimes lead to causalgia, aberrant burning pain peripheral to the site of nerve damage, are uncertain, although the sympathetic nervous system is known to be involved. Whether such syndromes could be the result of the development of responsiveness by some cutaneous pain receptors (C-fiber nociceptors) to sympathetic efferent activity as a consequence of the nerve injury was tested in an animal model. After nerve damage but not in its absence, sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine were excitatory for a subset of skin C-fiber nociceptors and enhanced the responsiveness of these nociceptors to tissue-damaging stimulation. These effects were demonstratable within days after nerve lesions, occurred at the cutaneous receptive terminal region, were manifest in sensory fibers that had not degenerated after the injury, and were mediated by alpha 2-adrenergic-like receptors.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Functional Imaging of Central Nervous System Involvement in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
P. Schwenkreis, C. Maier, and M. Tegenthoff (2009)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30, 1279-1284
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{alpha}2-Adrenoceptor Stimulation Transforms Immune Responses in Neuritis and Blocks Neuritis-Induced Pain.
E. A. Romero-Sandoval, C. McCall, and J. C. Eisenach (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 8988-8994
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sympathetic Modulation of Activity in A{delta}- and C-Primary Nociceptive Afferents After Intradermal Injection of Capsaicin in Rats.
Y. Ren, X. Zou, L. Fang, and Q. Lin (2005)
J Neurophysiol 93, 365-377
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Systemic Catecholamines in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Relationship to Psychological Factors: A Pilot Study.
R. N. Harden, N. J. Rudin, S. Bruehl, W. Kee, D. K. Parikh, J. Kooch, T. Duc, and R. H. Gracely (2004)
Anesth. Analg. 99, 1478-1485
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sympathetic Influence on Capsaicin-Evoked Enhancement of Dorsal Root Reflexes in Rats.
J. Wang, Y. Ren, X. Zou, L. Fang, W. D. Willis, and Q. Lin (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 2017-2026
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Thermal Thresholds Predict Painfulness of Diabetic Neuropathies.
H. H. Kramer, R. Rolke, A. Bickel, and F. Birklein (2004)
Diabetes Care 27, 2386-2391
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
No {alpha}-adrenoreceptor-induced C-fiber activation in healthy human skin.
S. Zahn, S. Leis, C. Schick, M. Schmelz, and F. Birklein (2004)
J Appl Physiol 96, 1380-1384
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
P. D. Drummond (2004)
International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 3, 35-42
   Abstract »    PDF »
Adding Dexmedetomidine to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia.
D. Memis, A. Turan, B. Karamanlioglu, Z. Pamukcu, and I. Kurt (2004)
Anesth. Analg. 98, 835-840
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Persistence of pain induced by startle and forehead cooling after sympathetic blockade in patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
P D Drummond and P M Finch (2004)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75, 98-102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bilateral motor cortex disinhibition in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I of the hand.
P. Schwenkreis, F. Janssen, O. Rommel, B. Pleger, B. Volker, I. Hosbach, R. Dertwinkel, C. Maier, and M. Tegenthoff (2003)
Neurology 61, 515-519
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intrinsic Regulation of CGRP Release by Dental Pulp Sympathetic Fibers.
K.M. Hargreaves, W.R. Bowles, and D.L. Jackson (2003)
Journal of Dental Research 82, 398-401
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Increased Sensitivity of Injured and Adjacent Uninjured Rat Primary Sensory Neurons to Exogenous Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha after Spinal Nerve Ligation.
M. Schafers, D. H. Lee, D. Brors, T. L. Yaksh, and L. S. Sorkin (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 3028-3038
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Topical and Peripherally Acting Analgesics.
J. Sawynok (2003)
Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 1-20
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neuronal Hyperpolarization-Activated Pacemaker Channels Drive Neuropathic Pain.
S. R. Chaplan, H.-Q. Guo, D. H. Lee, L. Luo, C. Liu, C. Kuei, A. A. Velumian, M. P. Butler, S. M. Brown, and A. E. Dubin (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 1169-1178
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sympathetic Modulation of Acute Cutaneous Flare Induced by Intradermal Injection of Capsaicin in Anesthetized Rats.
Q. Lin, X. Zou, L. Fang, and W. D. Willis (2003)
J Neurophysiol 89, 853-861
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States.
L. R. Watkins and S. F. Maier (2002)
Physiol Rev 82, 981-1011
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Degeneration of Myelinated Efferent Fibers Induces Spontaneous Activity in Uninjured C-Fiber Afferents.
G. Wu, M. Ringkamp, B. B. Murinson, E. M. Pogatzki, T. V. Hartke, H. M. Weerahandi, J. N. Campbell, J. W. Griffin, and R. A. Meyer (2002)
J. Neurosci. 22, 7746-7753
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pain increases during sympathetic arousal in patients with complex regional pain syndrome.
P. D. Drummond, P. M. Finch, S. Skipworth, and P. Blockey (2001)
Neurology 57, 1296-1303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Infection by human varicella-zoster virus confers norepinephrine sensitivity to sensory neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia.
M. KRESS and H. FICKENSCHER (2001)
FASEB J 15, 1037-1043
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression and Localization of Endothelin Receptors: Implications for the Involvement of Peripheral Glia in Nociception.
J. D. Pomonis, S. D. Rogers, C. M. Peters, J. R. Ghilardi, and P. W. Mantyh (2001)
J. Neurosci. 21, 999-1006
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perfusion of the Mechanically Compressed Lumbar Ganglion With Lidocaine Reduces Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Allodynia in the Rat.
J.-M. Zhang, H. Li, and S. J. Brull (2000)
J Neurophysiol 84, 798-805
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Does sympathetic nerve discharge affect the firing of polymodal C-fibre afferents in humans?.
M. Elam, B. Olausson, J. O. Skarphedinsson1, and B. G. Wallin (1999)
Brain 122, 2237-2244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{blacksquare} REVIEW : The Pathology of Pain.
A. L. Oaklander (1999)
Neuroscientist 5, 302-310
   Abstract »    PDF »
Causalgia, pathological pain, and adrenergic receptors.
E. R. Perl (1999)
PNAS 96, 7664-7667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cellular mechanisms of neuropathic pain, morphine tolerance, and their interactions.
D. J. Mayer, J. Mao, J. Holt, and D. D. Price (1999)
PNAS 96, 7731-7736
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adding Clonidine to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia Prevents Tourniquet Pain.
M. Gentili, J.-M. Bernard, and F. Bonnet (1999)
Anesth. Analg. 88, 1327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Receptor Subtype Mediating the Adrenergic Sensitivity of Pain Behavior and Ectopic Discharges in Neuropathic Lewis Rats.
D. H. Lee, X. Liu, H. T. Kim, K. Chung, and J. M. Chung (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 2226-2233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of {alpha}2-adrenergic receptors in rat primary afferent neurones after peripheral nerve injury or inflammation.
L A Birder and E R Perl (1999)
J. Physiol. 515, 533-542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effect of sympathetic activity on capsaicin-evoked pain, hyperalgesia, and vasodilatation.
R. Baron, G. Wasner, R. Borgstedt, E. Hastedt, H. Schulte, A. Binder, F. Kopper, M. Rowbotham, J. D. Levine, and H. L. Fields (1999)
Neurology 52, 923
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Uninjured C-Fiber Nociceptors Develop Spontaneous Activity and alpha -Adrenergic Sensitivity Following L6 Spinal Nerve Ligation in Monkey.
Z. Ali, M. Ringkamp, T. V. Hartke, H. F. Chien, N. A. Flavahan, J. N. Campbell, and R. A. Meyer (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 455-466
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cardiovascular and Neuronal Responses to Head Stimulation Reflect Central Sensitization and Cutaneous Allodynia in a Rat Model of Migraine.
H. Yamamura, A. Malick, N. L. Chamberlin, and R. Burstein (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 479-493
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contribution of Opioid Receptors on Primary Afferent Versus Sympathetic Neurons to Peripheral Opioid Analgesia.
L. Zhou, Q. Zhang, C. Stein, and M. Schäfer (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 286, 1000-1006
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Ectopic alpha 2-Adrenoceptors Couple to N-Type Ca2+ Channels in Axotomized Rat Sensory Neurons.
F. A. Abdulla and P. A. Smith (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 1633-1641
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Sympathetic Nervous System Contributes to Capsaicin-Evoked Mechanical Allodynia But Not Pinprick Hyperalgesia in Humans.
M. Liu, M. B. Max, S. Parada, J. S. Rowan, and G. J. Bennett (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 7331-7335
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)