Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Science 21 December 1990:
Vol. 250. no. 4988, pp. 1694 - 1699
DOI: 10.1126/science.2176744
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 250, Issue 4988, 1694-1699
Copyright © 1990 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Targeting the E1 replication protein to the papillomavirus origin of replication by complex formation with the E2 transactivator

IJ Mohr, R Clark, S Sun, EJ Androphy, P MacPherson, and MR Botchan

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkely 94720.

The mechanism by which transcription factors stimulate DNA replication in eukaryotes is unknown. Bovine papillomavirus DNA synthesis requires the products of the viral E1 gene and the transcriptional activator protein encoded by the E2 gene. Experimental data showed that the 68-kilodalton (kD) E1 protein formed a complex with the 48-kD E2 transcription factor. This complex bound specifically to the viral origin of replication, which contains multiple binding sites for E2. Repressor proteins encoded by the E2 open reading frame failed to complex with E1 suggesting that the 162-amino acid region of E2 that participates in transactivation contained critical determinants for interaction with E1. The physical association between a replication protein and a transcription factor suggests that transcriptional activator proteins may function in targeting replication initiator proteins to their respective origins of replication.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
The EVER Proteins as a Natural Barrier against Papillomaviruses: a New Insight into the Pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus Infections.
M. Lazarczyk, P. Cassonnet, C. Pons, Y. Jacob, and M. Favre (2009)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 73, 348-370
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Replication and Assembly of Human Papillomaviruses.
M.J. Conway and C. Meyers (2009)
Journal of Dental Research 88, 307-317
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Papillomavirus E2 Proteins and the Host Brd4 Protein Associate with Transcriptionally Active Cellular Chromatin.
M. K. Jang, D. Kwon, and A. A. McBride (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 2592-2600
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Mdm2 Ubiquitin Ligase Enhances Transcriptional Activity of Human Papillomavirus E2.
N. Gammoh, D. Gardiol, P. Massimi, and L. Banks (2009)
J. Virol. 83, 1538-1543
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Brd4-Independent Transcriptional Repression Function of the Papillomavirus E2 Proteins.
M.-R. Schweiger, M. Ottinger, J. You, and P. M. Howley (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 9612-9622
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Surface mutagenesis of the bovine papillomavirus e1 DNA binding domain reveals residues required for multiple functions related to DNA replication..
S. Schuck and A. Stenlund (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 7491-7499
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bromodomain Protein 4 Mediates the Papillomavirus E2 Transcriptional Activation Function.
M.-R. Schweiger, J. You, and P. M. Howley (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 4276-4285
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cellular Topoisomerase I Modulates Origin Binding by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 E1.
Y. Hu, R. V. Clower, and T. Melendy (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 4363-4371
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Different Modes of Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication during Maintenance.
R. Hoffmann, B. Hirt, V. Bechtold, P. Beard, and K. Raj (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 4431-4439
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Papillomavirus E1 Protein Binds to and Stimulates Human Topoisomerase I.
R. V. Clower, J. C. Fisk, and T. Melendy (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 1584-1587
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biphenylsulfonacetic Acid Inhibitors of the Human Papillomavirus Type 6 E1 Helicase Inhibit ATP Hydrolysis by an Allosteric Mechanism Involving Tyrosine 486.
P. W. White, A.-M. Faucher, M.-J. Massariol, E. Welchner, J. Rancourt, M. Cartier, and J. Archambault (2005)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 4834-4842
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the E1{wedge}E4 Protein in the Differentiation-Dependent Life Cycle of Human Papillomavirus Type 31.
R. Wilson, F. Fehrmann, and L. A. Laimins (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 6732-6740
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of cis-Acting Elements That Mediate the Replication and Maintenance of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Genomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
K. Kim, P. C. Angeletti, E. C. Hassebroek, and P. F. Lambert (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 5933-5942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two heads are better than one: regulation of DNA replication by hexameric helicases.
Robert. A. Sclafani, R. J. Fletcher, and X. S. Chen (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 2039-2045
   Full Text »    PDF »
The X-ray structure of the papillomavirus helicase in complex with its molecular matchmaker E2.
E. A. Abbate, J. M. Berger, and M. R. Botchan (2004)
Genes & Dev. 18, 1981-1996
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pathogenesis of Human Papillomaviruses in Differentiating Epithelia.
M. S. Longworth and L. A. Laimins (2004)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68, 362-372
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Casein Kinase II Phosphorylation-induced Conformational Switch Triggers Degradation of the Papillomavirus E2 Protein.
K. J. Penrose, M. Garcia-Alai, G. de Prat-Gay, and A. A. McBride (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 22430-22439
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Binding of Histone Deacetylases and the Integrity of Zinc Finger-Like Motifs of the E7 Protein Are Essential for the Life Cycle of Human Papillomavirus Type 31.
M. S. Longworth and L. A. Laimins (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 3533-3541
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Direct Interaction between Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 and the Papillomavirus E2 Proteins Involved in Activation of Transcription.
M. Rehtanz, H.-M. Schmidt, U. Warthorst, and G. Steger (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 2153-2168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Crystal Structure of the E2 Transactivation Domain of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Bound to a Protein Interaction Inhibitor.
Y. Wang, R. Coulombe, D. R. Cameron, L. Thauvette, M.-J. Massariol, L. M. Amon, D. Fink, S. Titolo, E. Welchner, C. Yoakim, et al. (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6976-6985
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recruitment of Replication Protein A by the Papillomavirus E1 Protein and Modulation by Single-Stranded DNA.
Y.-M. Loo and T. Melendy (2004)
J. Virol. 78, 1605-1615
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
mRNA Splicing Regulates Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 Protein Production and DNA Replication.
W. Deng, G. Jin, B.-Y. Lin, B. A. Van Tine, T. R. Broker, and L. T. Chow (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 10213-10226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication by Small Molecule Antagonists of the E1-E2 Protein Interaction.
P. W. White, S. Titolo, K. Brault, L. Thauvette, A. Pelletier, E. Welchner, L. Bourgon, L. Doyon, W. W. Ogilvie, C. Yoakim, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 26765-26772
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of the Minimal DNA Binding Domain of the Human Papillomavirus E1 Helicase: Fluorescence Anisotropy Studies and Characterization of a Dimerization-Defective Mutant Protein.
S. Titolo, K. Brault, J. Majewski, P. W. White, and J. Archambault (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 5178-5191
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Purification and biochemical characterization of the E1 replication initiation protein of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 1.
S. Sheikh, G. Van Horn, A. Naqvi, L. Sheahan, and S. A. Khan (2003)
J. Gen. Virol. 84, 277-285
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptional Activity among High and Low Risk Human Papillomavirus E2 Proteins Correlates with E2 DNA Binding.
S. Y. Hou, S.-Y. Wu, and C.-M. Chiang (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 45619-45629
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sequential and Ordered Assembly of E1 Initiator Complexes on the Papillomavirus Origin of DNA Replication Generates Progressive Structural Changes Related to Melting.
G. Chen and A. Stenlund (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7712-7720
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Supports Latent DNA Replication in Dividing Cells.
J. Hu, A. C. Garber, and R. Renne (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 11677-11687
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cooperative Activation of Human Papillomavirus Type 8 Gene Expression by the E2 Protein and the Cellular Coactivator p300.
A. Muller, A. Ritzkowsky, and G. Steger (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 11042-11053
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chaperone Proteins Abrogate Inhibition of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E1 Replicative Helicase by the HPV E2 Protein.
B. Y. Lin, A. M. Makhov, J. D. Griffith, T. R. Broker, and L. T. Chow (2002)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 6592-6604
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Term Effect of Interferon on Keratinocytes That Maintain Human Papillomavirus Type 31.
Y. E. Chang, L. Pena, G. C. Sen, J. K. Park, and L. A. Laimins (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 8864-8874
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Papillomavirus E2 Down-regulates the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter.
D. Lee, H.-Z. Kim, K. W. Jeong, Y. S. Shim, I. Horikawa, J. C. Barrett, and J. Choe (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 27748-27756
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Latency-associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) Cooperatively Binds to Two Sites within the Terminal Repeat, and Both Sites Contribute to the Ability of LANA to Suppress Transcription and to Facilitate DNA Replication.
A. C. Garber, J. Hu, and R. Renne (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 27401-27411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human TATA Binding Protein Inhibits Human Papillomavirus Type 11 DNA Replication by Antagonizing E1-E2 Protein Complex Formation on the Viral Origin of Replication.
K. A. Hartley and K. A. Alexander (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 5014-5023
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
E1 Protein of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Interferes with E2 Protein-Mediated Tethering of the Viral DNA to Mitotic Chromosomes.
C. Voitenleitner and M. Botchan (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 3440-3451
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Replication Modes during the Early Phases of the Viral Life Cycle Depend on Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation of E1 and E2 Expression.
W. G. Hubert and L. A. Laimins (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 2263-2273
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of mutations within two hydrophilic regions of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E1 DNA-binding domain on E1-E2 interaction.
K. J. Woytek, D. Rangasamy, C. Bazaldua-Hernandez, M. West, and V. G. Wilson (2001)
J. Gen. Virol. 82, 2341-2351
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Orientation of a Novel DNA Binding Site Affects Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Transcription and Replication.
C. D. Newhouse and S. J. Silverstein (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 1722-1735
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The E1 Initiator Recognizes Multiple Overlapping Sites in the Papillomavirus Origin of DNA Replication.
G. Chen and A. Stenlund (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 292-302
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Rep Protein Inhibits Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E2 Recruitment of the Transcriptional Coactivator p300.
A. Marcello, P. Massimi, L. Banks, and M. Giacca (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 9090-9098
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Identification of Domains of the Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 Helicase Involved in Oligomerization and Binding to the Viral Origin.
S. Titolo, A. Pelletier, A.-M. Pulichino, K. Brault, E. Wardrop, P. W. White, M. G. Cordingley, and J. Archambault (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 7349-7361
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Contribution of bovine papillomavirus type 1 E1 protein residue 48 to replication function.
G. D. McShan and V. G. Wilson (2000)
J. Gen. Virol. 81, 1995-2004
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of the Papillomavirus E2-TA Protein Is Regulated by Phosphorylation and Can Modulate Viral Genome Copy Number.
K. J. Penrose and A. A. McBride (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 6031-6038
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Mechanisms of Human Papillomavirus E2-Mediated Repression of Viral Oncogene Expression and Cervical Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition.
A. Nishimura, T. Ono, A. Ishimoto, J. J. Dowhanick, M. A. Frizzell, P. M. Howley, and H. Sakai (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 3752-3760
   Abstract »    Full Text »
HeLa Cells Are Phenotypically Limiting in Cyclin E/CDK2 for Efficient Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication.
B. Y. Lin, T. Ma, J.-S. Liu, S.-R. Kuo, G. Jin, T. R. Broker, J. W. Harper, and L. T. Chow (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6167-6174
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Patches of Amino Acids on the E2 DNA Binding Domain Define the Surface for Interaction with E1.
G. Chen and A. Stenlund (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 1506-1512
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Differentiation-Specific Factor CDP/Cut Represses Transcription and Replication of Human Papillomaviruses through a Conserved Silencing Element.
M. J. O'Connor, W. Stünkel, C.-H. Koh, H. Zimmermann, and H.-U. Bernard (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 401-410
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Cellular transcription factors regulate human papillomavirus type 16 gene expression by binding to a subset of the DNA sequences recognized by the viral E2 protein.
H. Lewis, K. Webster, A.-M. Sanchez-Perez, and K. Gaston (1999)
J. Gen. Virol. 80, 2087-2096
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Role of the ATP-Binding Domain of the Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 Helicase in E2-Dependent Binding to the Origin.
S. Titolo, A. Pelletier, F. Sauvé, K. Brault, E. Wardrop, P. W. White, A. Amin, M. G. Cordingley, and J. Archambault (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 5282-5293
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Crystal Structure of the Human Papillomavirus Type 18 E2 Activation Domain.
S. F. Harris and M. R. Botchan (1999)
Science 284, 1673-1677
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Effect of Bovine Papillomavirus E2 Protein-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies on Papillomavirus DNA Replication.
R. Kurg, J. Parik, E. Juronen, T. Sedman, A. Abroi, I. Liiv, U. Langel, and M. Ustav (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 4670-4677
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Long-Term Episomal Maintenance of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Plasmids Is Determined by Attachment to Host Chromosomes, Which Is Mediated by the Viral E2 Protein and Its Binding Sites.
I. Ilves, S. Kivi, and M. Ustav (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 4404-4412
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Biochemical and Electron Microscopic Image Analysis of the Hexameric E1 Helicase.
E. T. Fouts, X. Yu, E. H. Egelman, and M. R. Botchan (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4447-4458
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication Compartments in a Transient DNA Replication System.
C. S. Swindle, N. Zou, B. A. Van Tine, G. M. Shaw, J. A. Engler, and L. T. Chow (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 1001-1009
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE VIRAL E1 PROTEIN AND TWO SUBUNITS OF HUMAN DNA POLYMERASE alpha /PRIMASE.
K. L. Conger, J.-S. Liu, S.-R. Kuo, L. T. Chow, and T. S.-F. Wang (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 2696-2705
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation by the E2 Protein of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Type 31 Is Not Essential for Early and Late Viral Functions.
F. Stubenrauch, A. M. E. Colbert, and L. A. Laimins (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8115-8123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Fifteen-Amino-Acid Peptide Inhibits Human Papillomavirus E1-E2 Interaction and Human Papillomavirus DNA Replication In Vitro.
H. Kasukawa, P. M. Howley, and J. D. Benson (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8166-8173
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A C-Terminal Helicase Domain of the Human Papillomavirus E1 Protein Binds E2 and the DNA Polymerase alpha -Primase p68 Subunit.
P. J. Masterson, M. A. Stanley, A. P. Lewis, and M. A. Romanos (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7407-7419
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinct Roles of Two Binding Sites for the Bovine Papillomavirus (BPV) E2 Transactivator on BPV DNA Replication.
T. G. Gillette and J. A. Borowiec (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 5735-5744
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcription Factor YY1 Represses Cell-Free Replication from Human Papillomavirus Origins.
K.-Y. Lee, T. R. Broker, and L. T. Chow (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 4911-4917
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transactivation-Competent Bovine Papillomavirus E2 Protein Is Specifically Required for Efficient Repression of Human Papillomavirus Oncogene Expression and for Acute Growth Inhibition of Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines.
E. C. Goodwin, L. K. Naeger, D. E. Breiding, E. J. Androphy, and D. DiMaio (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3925-3934
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Segregation of viral plasmids depends on tethering to chromosomes and is regulated by phosphorylation.
C. W. Lehman and M. R. Botchan (1998)
PNAS 95, 4338-4343
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of the DNA-Binding Domain of the Bovine Papillomavirus Replication Initiator E1.
G. Chen and A. Stenlund (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2567-2576
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Carboxyl-Terminal Region of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E1 Protein Determines E2 Protein Specificity during DNA Replication.
N. Zou, J.-S. Liu, S.-R. Kuo, T. R. Broker, and L. T. Chow (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3436-3441
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Association of the Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1 Protein with Histone H1.
C. S. Swindle and J. A. Engler (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1994-2001
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Genomes and the E2 Transactivator Protein Are Closely Associated with Mitotic Chromatin.
M. H. Skiadopoulos and A. A. McBride (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 2079-2088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential Requirements for Conserved E2 Binding Sites in the Life Cycle of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Type 31.
F. Stubenrauch, H. B. Lim, and L. A. Laimins (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1071-1077
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein, L2, Induces Localization of the Major Capsid Protein, L1, and the Viral Transcription/Replication Protein, E2, to PML Oncogenic Domains.
P. M. Day, R. B. S. Roden, D. R. Lowy, and J. T. Schiller (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 142-150
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transient Viral DNA Replication and Repression of Viral Transcription Are Supported by the C-Terminal Domain of the Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 E1 Protein.
M. C. Ferran and A. A. McBride (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 796-801
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Functions of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 E1, E2, and E2C Proteins in Cell-free DNA Replication.
J.-S. Liu, S.-R. Kuo, T. R. Broker, and L. T. Chow (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 27283-27291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Site-specific DNA-binding Proteins Important for Replication and Transcription Have Multiple Activities.
R. Li, L. Yang, E. Fouts, and M.R. Botchan (1993)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 58, 403-413
   Abstract »    PDF »
A yeast chromosomal origin of DNA replication defined by multiple functional elements.
Y Marahrens and B Stillman (1992)
Science 255, 817-823
   Abstract »    PDF »
Amino acids necessary for DNA contact and dimerization imply novel motifs in the papillomavirus E2 trans-activator..
S S Prakash, S R Grossman, R B Pepinsky, L A Laimins, and E J Androphy (1992)
Genes & Dev. 6, 105-116
   Abstract »    PDF »
The functional BPV-1 E2 trans-activating protein can act as a repressor by preventing formation of the initiation complex..
N Dostatni, P F Lambert, R Sousa, J Ham, P M Howley, and M Yaniv (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 1657-1671
   Abstract »    PDF »
Oct-3 and the beginning of mammalian development.
M. Rosner, M. Vigano, P. Rigby, H Arnheiter, and L. Staudt (1991)
Science 253, 144-145
   PDF »
Transcription Factor E2 Regulates BPV-1 DNA Replication In Vitro by Direct Protein-Protein Interaction.
L. Yang, I. Mohr, R. Li, T. Nottoli, S. Sun, and M. Botchan (1991)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 56, 335-346
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mechanism and Requirements for Bovine Papillomavirus, Type 1, E1 Initiator Complex Assembly Promoted by the E2 Transcription Factor Bound to Distal Sites.
C. M. Sanders and A. Stenlund (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 23689-23699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Recombinant HPV6 and 11 E1 Helicases. EFFECT OF ATP ON THE INTERACTION OF E1 WITH E2 AND MAPPING OF A MINIMAL HELICASE DOMAIN.
P. W. White, A. Pelletier, K. Brault, S. Titolo, E. Welchner, L. Thauvette, M. Fazekas, M. G. Cordingley, and J. Archambault (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 22426-22438
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)