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Science 26 October 1990:
Vol. 250. no. 4980, pp. 533 - 538
DOI: 10.1126/science.2122519
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Articles

Science, Vol 250, Issue 4980, 533-538
Copyright © 1990 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation

T Hoshi, WN Zagotta, and RW Aldrich

Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA 94305.

The potassium channels encoded by the Drosophila Shaker gene activate and inactivate rapidly when the membrane potential becomes more positive. Site-directed mutagenesis and single-channel patch-clamp recording were used to explore the molecular transitions that underlie inactivation in Shaker potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A region near the amino terminus with an important role in inactivation has now been identified. The results suggest a model where this region forms a cytoplasmic domain that interacts with the open channel to cause inactivation.


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A Tail of Multiple Calcium-sensing Domains.
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Status of the Intracellular Gate in the Activated-not-open State of Shaker K+ Channels.
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Molecular Physiology of Cardiac Repolarization.
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Physiol Rev 85, 1205-1253
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Positive Selection for Indel Substitutions in the Rodent Sperm Protein Catsper1.
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 22, 1845-1852
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Investigating the Putative Glycine Hinge in Shaker Potassium Channel.
S. Ding, L. Ingleby, C. A. Ahern, and R. Horn (2005)
J. Gen. Physiol. 126, 213-226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ Channel.
S. B. Long, E. B. Campbell, and R. MacKinnon (2005)
Science 309, 897-903
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Stable, Conducting Conformations of the Selectivity Filter in Shaker K+ Channels.
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J. Gen. Physiol. 125, 619-629
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Extracellular Acid Block and Acid-enhanced Inactivation of the Ca2+-activated Cation Channel TRPM5 Involve Residues in the S3-S4 and S5-S6 Extracellular Domains.
D. Liu, Z. Zhang, and E. R. Liman (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 20691-20699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
On the Gating Mechanisms of the Light-dependent Conductance in Pecten Hyperpolarizing Photoreceptors: Does Light Remove Inactivation in Voltage-dependent K Channels?.
M. del Pilar Gomez and E. Nasi (2005)
J. Gen. Physiol. 125, 455-464
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Accessory Kv{beta}1 Subunits Differentially Modulate the Functional Expression of Voltage-Gated K+ Channels in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes.
F. Aimond, S. P. Kwak, K. J. Rhodes, and J. M. Nerbonne (2005)
Circ. Res. 96, 451-458
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissection of synaptic excitability phenotypes by using a dominant-negative Shaker K+ channel subunit.
T. J. Mosca, R. A. Carrillo, B. H. White, and H. Keshishian (2005)
PNAS 102, 3477-3482
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Analysis of the {alpha}-1 Repeat of the Cardiac Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger.
M. Ottolia, D. A. Nicoll, and K. D. Philipson (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 1061-1069
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Diversity and Regulation of Renal Potassium Channels.
S. C. Hebert, G. Desir, G. Giebisch, and W. Wang (2005)
Physiol Rev 85, 319-371
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Conformational Changes in the Phosphorylated C-terminal Domain of Rhodopsin during Rhodopsin Arrestin Interactions.
O. G. Kisselev, M. A. Downs, J. H. McDowell, and P. A. Hargrave (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 51203-51207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Y3+ Block Demonstrates an Intracellular Activation Gate for the {alpha}1G T-type Ca2+ Channel.
C. A. Obejero-Paz, I. P. Gray, and S. W. Jones (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 124, 631-640
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Cooperative effect of S4-S5 loops in domains D3 and D4 on fast inactivation of the Na+ channel.
M. O. Popa, A. K Alekov, S. Bail, F. Lehmann-Horn, and H. Lerche (2004)
J. Physiol. 561, 39-51
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Resurgent Na Currents in Four Classes of Neurons of the Cerebellum.
F. S. Afshari, K. Ptak, Z. M. Khaliq, T. M. Grieco, N. T. Slater, D. R. McCrimmon, and I. M. Raman (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 2831-2843
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-Threshold, Kv3-Like Potassium Currents in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons and Their Role in Spike Repolarization.
T. Shevchenko, R. Teruyama, and W. E. Armstrong (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 3043-3055
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
pH-dependent modulation of Kv1.3 inactivation: role of His399.
S. Somodi, Z. Varga, P. Hajdu, J. G. Starkus, D. I. Levy, R. Gaspar, and G. Panyi (2004)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287, C1067-C1076
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Stabilizing the Closed S6 Gate in the Shaker K v Channel Through Modification of a Hydrophobic Seal.
T. Kitaguchi, M. Sukhareva, and K. J. Swartz (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 124, 319-332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of K+ Flow by a Ring of Negative Charges in the Outer Pore of BKCa Channels. Part II: Neutralization of Aspartate 292 Reduces Long Channel Openings and Gating Current Slow Component.
T. Haug, R. Olcese, L. Toro, and E. Stefani (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 124, 185-197
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"Disinactivation" of N-type Inactivation of Voltage-gated K Channels by an Erbstatin Analogue.
Z.-H. Zhang, K. J. Rhodes, W. E. Childers, T. M. Argentieri, and Q. Wang (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 29226-29230
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Structure and Function of Kv4-Family Transient Potassium Channels.
S. G. Birnbaum, A. W. Varga, L.-L. Yuan, A. E. Anderson, J. D. Sweatt, and L. A. Schrader (2004)
Physiol Rev 84, 803-833
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A Gastropod Toxin Selectively Slows Early Transitions in the Shaker K Channel's Activation Pathway.
J. T. Sack, R. W. Aldrich, and W. F. Gilly (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 685-696
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ENaC subunit-subunit interactions and inhibition by syntaxin 1A.
B. K. Berdiev, B. Jovov, W. C. Tucker, A. P. Naren, C. M. Fuller, E. R. Chapman, and D. J. Benos (2004)
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Multiple Structural Elements Contribute to the Slow Kinetics of the Cav3.3 T-type Channel.
J.-Y. Park, H.-W. Kang, S.-W. Jeong, and J.-H. Lee (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 21707-21713
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Regulation of Kv4.3 voltage-dependent gating kinetics by KChIP2 isoforms.
S. P. Patel, R. Parai, R. Parai, and D. L. Campbell (2004)
J. Physiol. 557, 19-41
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NH2-terminal Inactivation Peptide Binding to C-type-inactivated Kv Channels.
H. T. Kurata, Z. Wang, and D. Fedida (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 505-520
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of the Voltage Sensor of L-type Ca2+ Channels by Intracellular Ca2+.
D. Isaev, K. Solt, O. Gurtovaya, J. P. Reeves, and R. Shirokov (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 555-571
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intracellular Domains of a Rat Brain GABA Transporter That Govern Transport.
N. Hansra, S. Arya, and M. W. Quick (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 4082-4087
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inactivation and recovery in Kv1.4 K+ channels: lipophilic interactions at the intracellular mouth of the pore.
G. C. L. Bett and R. L. Rasmusson (2004)
J. Physiol. 556, 109-120
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Arginines in the Cytoplasmic C-terminal Domain Are Essential for Voltage-dependent Regulation of A-type K+ Current in the Kv4 Channel Subfamily.
N. Hatano, S. Ohya, K. Muraki, R. B. Clark, W. R. Giles, and Y. Imaizumi (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 5450-5459
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An effective second-generation outer surface protein A-derived Lyme vaccine that eliminates a potentially autoreactive T cell epitope.
T. A. Willett, A. L. Meyer, E. L. Brown, and B. T. Huber (2004)
PNAS 101, 1303-1308
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Membrane Tension Accelerates Rate-limiting Voltage-dependent Activation and Slow Inactivation Steps in a Shaker Channel.
U. Laitko and C. E. Morris (2004)
J. Gen. Physiol. 123, 135-154
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Functional roles of cytoplasmic loops and pore lining transmembrane helices in the voltage-dependent inactivation of HVA calcium channels.
S. C. Stotz, S. E. Jarvis, and G. W. Zamponi (2004)
J. Physiol. 554, 263-273
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Conformational changes in the C terminus of Shaker K+ channel bound to the rat Kv{beta}2-subunit.
O. Sokolova, A. Accardi, D. Gutierrez, A. Lau, M. Rigney, and N. Grigorieff (2003)
PNAS 100, 12607-12612
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Constitutive Activation of the Shaker Kv Channel.
M. Sukhareva, D. H. Hackos, and K. J. Swartz (2003)
J. Gen. Physiol. 122, 541-556
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Inactivation of Kv3.3 Potassium Channels in Heterologous Expression Systems.
F. R. Fernandez, E. Morales, A. J. Rashid, R. J. Dunn, and R. W. Turner (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 40890-40898
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Positive selection on protein-length in the evolution of a primate sperm ion channel.
O. Podlaha and J. Zhang (2003)
PNAS 100, 12241-12246
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Molecular Motions of the Outer Ring of Charge of the Sodium Channel: Do They Couple to Slow Inactivation?.
W. Xiong, R. A. Li, Y. Tian, and G. F. Tomaselli (2003)
J. Gen. Physiol. 122, 323-332
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Evidence for Intersubunit Interactions between S4 and S5 Transmembrane Segments of the Shaker Potassium Channel.
E. J. Neale, D. J. S. Elliott, M. Hunter, and A. Sivaprasadarao (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29079-29085
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External TEA Block of Shaker K+ Channels Is Coupled to the Movement of K+ Ions within the Selectivity Filter.
J. Thompson and T. Begenisich (2003)
J. Gen. Physiol. 122, 239-246
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Voltage-Gated K Channels.
C. M. Armstrong (2003)
Sci. STKE 2003, re10
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C-Type inactivation involves a significant decrease in the intracellular aqueous pore volume of Kv1.4 K+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
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Functional identification of ion binding sites at the internal end of the pore in Shaker K+ channels.
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Y. Dong and F. J. White (2003)
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E. Kobrinsky, E. Schwartz, D. R. Abernethy, and N. M. Soldatov (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 5021-5028
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Inactivation of BK Channels by the NH2 Terminus of the {beta}2 Auxiliary Subunit: An Essential Role of a Terminal Peptide Segment of Three Hydrophobic Residues.
X.-M. Xia, J.P. Ding, and C. J. Lingle (2003)
J. Gen. Physiol. 121, 125-148
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