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Science 27 April 1990:
Vol. 248. no. 4954, pp. 492 - 495
DOI: 10.1126/science.1691865

Articles

Science, Vol 248, Issue 4954, 492-495
Copyright © 1990 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Evidence that beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease is not derived by normal processing

SS Sisodia, EH Koo, K Beyreuther, A Unterbeck, and DL Price

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2181.

The beta-amyloid protein (beta/A4), derived from a larger amyloid precursor protein (APP), is the principal component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. APP is an integral membrane glycoprotein and is secreted as a carboxyl-terminal truncated molecule. APP cleavage, which is a membrane-associated event, occurred at a site located within the beta/A4 region. This suggests that an intact amyloidogenic beta/A4 fragment is not generated during normal APP catabolism. Therefore, an early event in amyloid formation may involve altered APP processing that results in the release and subsequent deposition of intact beta/A4.


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Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Human Illness and Transgenic Models.
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S. S. Sisodia and M. Gallagher (1998)
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Q.-X. Li, R. Cappai, G. Evin, J. E. Tanner, C. W. Gray, K. Beyreuther, and C. L. Masters (1998)
American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias 13, 236-244
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X11 Interaction with beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein Modulates Its Cellular Stabilization and Reduces Amyloid beta -Protein Secretion.
M. Sastre, R. S. Turner, and E. Levy (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22351-22357
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Proteolytic imbalance in Alzheimer fibroblasts as potential pathological trait of disease.
F. Paoletti and D. Tombaccini (1998)
FASEB J 12, 925-927
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Modulation of Secreted beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid beta -Peptide in Brain by Cholesterol.
D. S. Howland, S. P. Trusko, M. J. Savage, A. G. Reaume, D. M. Lang, J. D. Hirsch, N. Maeda, R. Siman, B. D. Greenberg, R. W. Scott, et al. (1998)
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Thyroid Hormones Regulate {beta}-Amyloid Gene Splicing and Protein Secretion in Neuroblastoma Cells.
M. J. Latasa, B. Belandia, and A. Pascual (1998)
Endocrinology 139, 2692-2698
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretion by Glutamate Receptors in Human Ntera 2 Neurons (NT2N).
C. Jolly-Tornetta, Z.-y. Gao, V. M.-Y. Lee, and B. A. Wolf (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 14015-14021
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Alzheimer's-specific effects of soluble beta -amyloid on protein kinase C-alpha and -gamma degradation in human fibroblasts.
A. Favit, M. Grimaldi, T. J. Nelson, and D. L. Alkon (1998)
PNAS 95, 5562-5567
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Post-translational Processing and Turnover Kinetics of Presynaptically Targeted Amyloid Precursor Superfamily Proteins in the Central Nervous System.
A. W. Lyckman, A. M. Confaloni, G. Thinakaran, S. S. Sisodia, and K. L. Moya (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11100-11106
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Caveolae, Plasma Membrane Microdomains for alpha -Secretase-mediated Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein.
T. Ikezu, B. D. Trapp, K. S. Song, A. Schlegel, M. P. Lisanti, and T. Okamoto (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 10485-10495
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Cleavage of Alzheimer's Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by Secretases Occurs after O-Glycosylation of APP in the Protein Secretory Pathway. IDENTIFICATION OF INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTS IN WHICH APP CLEAVAGE OCCURS WITHOUT USING TOXIC AGENTS THAT INTERFERE WITH PROTEIN METABOLISM.
S. Tomita, Y. Kirino, and T. Suzuki (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 6277-6284
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Relative Increase in Alzheimer's Disease of Soluble Forms of Cerebral Abeta Amyloid Protein Precursor Containing the Kunitz Protease Inhibitory Domain.
R. D. Moir, T. Lynch, A. I. Bush, S. Whyte, A. Henry, S. Portbury, G. Multhaup, D. H. Small, R. E. Tanzi, K. Beyreuther, et al. (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5013-5019
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Effects of SEL-12 presenilin on LIN-12 localization and function in Caenorhabditis elegans.
D Levitan and I Greenwald (1998)
Development 125, 3599-3606
   Abstract »    PDF »
Differential Effects of the Swedish Mutant Amyloid Precursor Protein on beta -Amyloid Accumulation and Secretion in Neurons and Nonneuronal Cells.
M. S. Forman, D. G. Cook, S. Leight, R. W. Doms, and V. M.-Y. Lee (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 32247-32253
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Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Catabolism Involves the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathway.
J. Mills, D. Laurent Charest, F. Lam, K. Beyreuther, N. Ida, S. L. Pelech, and P. B. Reiner (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 9415-9422
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Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Abeta 1-40 Aggregation Is Mediated by Conformational Factors.
X. Huang, C. S. Atwood, R. D. Moir, M. A. Hartshorn, J.-P. Vonsattel, R. E. Tanzi, and A. I. Bush (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26464-26470
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel beta -Secretase Cleavage of beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein in the Endoplasmic Reticulum/Intermediate Compartment of NT2N Cells.
A. S.C. Chyung, B. D. Greenberg, D. G. Cook, R. W. Doms, and V. M.-Y. Lee (1997)
J. Cell Biol. 138, 671-680
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of the Juxtamembrane Domains of the Transforming Growth Factor-alpha Precursor and the beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein in Regulated Ectodomain Shedding.
J. Arribas, F. Lopez-Casillas, and J. Massague (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 17160-17165
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Generation of Alzheimer beta -amyloid protein in the trans-Golgi network in the apparent absence of vesicle formation.
H. Xu, D. Sweeney, R. Wang, G. Thinakaran, A. C. Y. Lo, S. S. Sisodia, P. Greengard, and S. Gandy (1997)
PNAS 94, 3748-3752
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Increase Release of Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein Derivatives from Rat Brain Cortical and Hippocampal Slices.
I. H. Ulus and R. J. Wurtman (1997)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 149-154
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Ectodomain Phosphorylation of beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein at Two Distinct Cellular Locations.
J. Walter, A. Capell, A. Y. Hung, H. Langen, M. Schnolzer, G. Thinakaran, S. S. Sisodia, D. J. Selkoe, and C. Haass (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1896-1903
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Trafficking of Cell-Surface beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein: Evidence that a Sorting Intermediate Participates in Synaptic Vesicle Recycling.
N. R. Marquez-Sterling, A. C. Y. Lo, S. S. Sisodia, and E. H. Koo (1997)
J. Neurosci. 17, 140-151
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Is Synthesized in Neurons of the Human Hippocampus and Is Capable of Degrading the Amyloid-beta Peptide (1-40).
J. R. Backstrom, G. P. Lim, M. J. Cullen, and Z. A. Tokes (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 7910-7919
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Processing of beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein by Cathepsin D.
J. Higaki, R. Catalano, A. W. Guzzetta, D. Quon, J.-F. Nave, C. Tarnus, H. D'Orchymont, and B. Cordell (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31885-31893
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Comparison of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing V717F beta -Amyloid Precursor Protein and Alzheimer's Disease.
E. Masliah, A. Sisk, M. Mallory, L. Mucke, D. Schenk, and D. Games (1996)
J. Neurosci. 16, 5795-5811
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Structural Requirements for the Ectodomain Cleavage of Human Cell Surface Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor.
P. Deng, C. W. Rettenmier, and P. K. Pattengale (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 16338-16343
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Metabolism of the ``Swedish'' Amyloid Precursor Protein Variant in Neuro2a (N2a) Cells.
G. Thinakaran, D. B. Teplow, R. Siman, B. Greenberg, and S. S. Sisodia (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9390-9397
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Enhanced Release of Amyloid beta-Protein from Codon 670/671 ``Swedish'' Mutant beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Occurs in Both Secretory and Endocytic Pathways.
R. G. Perez, S. L. Squazzo, and E. H. Koo (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 9100-9107
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin 5-HT2a and 5-HT2c Receptors Stimulate Amyloid Precursor Protein Ectodomain Secretion.
R. M. Nitsch, M. Deng, J. H. Growdon, and R. J. Wurtman (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4188-4194
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Trafficking of cell-surface amyloid beta-protein precursor. I. Secretion, endocytosis and recycling as detected by labeled monoclonal antibody.
E. Koo, S. Squazzo, D. Selkoe, and C. Koo (1996)
J. Cell Sci. 109, 991-998
   Abstract »    PDF »
Trafficking of cell-surface amyloid beta-protein precursor. II. Endocytosis, recycling and lysosomal targeting detected by immunolocalization.
T Yamazaki, E. Koo, and D. Selkoe (1996)
J. Cell Sci. 109, 999-1008
   Abstract »    PDF »
Generation of Amyloidogenic C-terminal Fragments during Rapid Axonal Transport in Vivo of [IMAGE]-Amyloid Precursor Protein in the Optic Nerve.
A. Amaratunga and R. E. Fine (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17268-17272
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Novel Regulation of Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Modification of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Its Homologue, APLP2.
G. Thinakaran, H. H. Slunt, and S. S. Sisodia (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 16522-16525
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Intracellular A[IMAGE]1-42 Aggregates Stimulate the Accumulation of Stable, Insoluble Amyloidogenic Fragments of the Amyloid Precursor Protein in Transfected Cells.
A. J. Yang, M. Knauer, D. A. Burdick, and C. Glabe (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14786-14792
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Proteolytic Processing of Alzheimer's Disease [IMAGE]A4 Amyloid Precursor Protein in Human Platelets.
Q.-X. Li, G.èv. Evin, D. H. Small, G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, and C. L. Masters (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14140-14147
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Metabolism of the Amyloid Precursor-like Protein 2 in MDCK Cells.
A. C. Y. Lo, G. Thinakaran, H. H. Slunt, and S. S. Sisodia (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 12641-12645
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Tyrosine Phosphorylation-dependent Stimulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretion by the m3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor.
B. E. Slack, J. Breu, M. A. Petryniak, K. Srivastava, and R. J. Wurtman (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 8337-8344
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Extracellular Matrix Influences the Biogenesis of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Microglial Cells.
U. Mönning, R. Sandbrink, A. Weidemann, R. B. Banati, C. L. Masters, and K. Beyreuther (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7104-7110
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Muscarinic Regulation of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretion and Amyloid beta-Protein Production in Human Neuronal NT2N Cells.
B. A. Wolf, A. M. Wertkin, Y. C. Jolly, R. P. Yasuda, B. B. Wolfe, R. J. Konrad, D. Manning, S. Ravi, J. R. Williamson, and V. M.-Y. Lee (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 4916-4922
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Characterization of Sorting Signals in the beta-Amyloid Precursor Protein Cytoplasmic Domain.
A. Lai, S. S. Sisodia, and I. S. Trowbridge (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 3565-3573
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Soluble beta-amyloid induction of Alzheimer's phenotype for human fibroblast K+ channels.
R Etcheberrigaray, E Ito, C. Kim, and D. Alkon (1994)
Science 264, 276-279
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Release of excess amyloid beta protein from a mutant amyloid beta protein precursor.
X. Cai, T. Golde, and S. Younkin (1993)
Science 259, 514-516
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Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
R. Nitsch, B. Slack, R. Wurtman, and J. Growdon (1992)
Science 258, 304-307
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Production of the Alzheimer amyloid beta protein by normal proteolytic processing.
M Shoji, T. Golde, J Ghiso, T. Cheung, S Estus, L. Shaffer, X. Cai, D. McKay, R Tintner, B Frangione, et al. (1992)
Science 258, 126-129
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Science 255, 726-728
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Science 255, 728-730
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Apolipoprotein E4 Stimulates cAMP Response Element-binding Protein Transcriptional Activity through the Extracellular S