Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 6 April 1990:
Vol. 248. no. 4951, pp. 73 - 76
DOI: 10.1126/science.2321027

Articles

Science, Vol 248, Issue 4951, 73-76
Copyright © 1990 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy

W Denk, JH Strickler, and WW Webb

School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

Molecular excitation by the simultaneous absorption of two photons provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. The excitation of fluorophores having single-photon absorption in the ultraviolet with a stream of strongly focused subpicosecond pulses of red laser light has made possible fluorescence images of living cells and other microscopic objects. The fluorescence emission increased quadratically with the excitation intensity so that fluorescence and photo-bleaching were confined to the vicinity of the focal plane as expected for cooperative two-photon excitation. This technique also provides unprecedented capabilities for three-dimensional, spatially resolved photochemistry, particularly photolytic release of caged effector molecules.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Improved in vivo two-photon imaging after blood replacement by perfluorocarbon.
F. Haiss, R. Jolivet, M. T. Wyss, J. Reichold, N. B. Braham, F. Scheffold, M. P. Krafft, and B. Weber (2009)
J. Physiol. 587, 3153-3158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Independent two-photon measurements of albumin GSC give low values.
J. Peti-Peterdi (2009)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296, F1255-F1257
   Full Text »    PDF »
Connectivity Patterns Revealed by Mapping of Active Inputs on Dendrites of Thalamorecipient Neurons in the Auditory Cortex.
R. J. Richardson, J. A. Blundon, I. T. Bayazitov, and S. S. Zakharenko (2009)
J. Neurosci. 29, 6406-6417
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiphoton Imaging of Renal Regulatory Mechanisms.
J. Peti-Peterdi, I. Toma, A. Sipos, and S. L. Vargas (2009)
Physiology 24, 88-96
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Electrical Coupling of Lobula Plate Tangential Cells to a Heterolateral Motion-Sensitive Neuron in the Fly.
J. Haag and A. Borst (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 14435-14442
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multilayer three-dimensional super resolution imaging of thick biological samples.
A. Vaziri, J. Tang, H. Shroff, and C. V. Shank (2008)
PNAS 105, 20221-20226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Label-Free Biomedical Imaging with High Sensitivity by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.
C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie (2008)
Science 322, 1857-1861
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Live-cell imaging of dendritic spines by STED microscopy.
U. V. Nagerl, K. I. Willig, B. Hein, S. W. Hell, and T. Bonhoeffer (2008)
PNAS 105, 18982-18987
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
What Can Population Calcium Imaging Tell Us About Neural Circuits?.
A. C. Kwan (2008)
J Neurophysiol 100, 2977-2980
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissecting the Components of Long-Term Potentiation.
J. A. Blundon and S. S. Zakharenko (2008)
Neuroscientist 14, 598-608
   Abstract »    PDF »
Detection of Corneal Fibrosis by Imaging Second Harmonic-Generated Signals in Rabbit Corneas Treated with Mitomycin C after Excimer Laser Surface Ablation.
M. Farid, N. Morishige, L. Lam, A. Wahlert, R. F. Steinert, and J. V. Jester (2008)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49, 4377-4383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy of a fluorescent protein-labeled organelle inside a living cell.
B. Hein, K. I. Willig, and S. W. Hell (2008)
PNAS 105, 14271-14276
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Polarized microtubule arrays in apical dendrites and axons.
A. C. Kwan, D. A. Dombeck, and W. W. Webb (2008)
PNAS 105, 11370-11375
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluorescence Changes of Genetic Calcium Indicators and OGB-1 Correlated with Neural Activity and Calcium In Vivo and In Vitro.
T. Hendel, M. Mank, B. Schnell, O. Griesbeck, A. Borst, and D. F. Reiff (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 7399-7411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Stability of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Degeneration-Induced Changes in Synaptic Input.
D. J. Margolis, G. Newkirk, T. Euler, and P. B. Detwiler (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 6526-6536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In vivo two-photon voltage-sensitive dye imaging reveals top-down control of cortical layers 1 and 2 during wakefulness.
B. Kuhn, W. Denk, and R. M. Bruno (2008)
PNAS 105, 7588-7593
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity.
P. J. Sjostrom, E. A. Rancz, A. Roth, and M. Hausser (2008)
Physiol Rev 88, 769-840
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Livin' on the Edge: Imaging Dendritic Spine Turnover in the Peri-Infarct Zone during Ischemic Stroke and Recovery.
C. E. Brown and T. H. Murphy (2008)
Neuroscientist 14, 139-146
   Abstract »    PDF »
Nonlinear Integration of Binocular Optic Flow by DNOVS2, A Descending Neuron of the Fly.
A. Wertz, A. Borst, and J. Haag (2008)
J. Neurosci. 28, 3131-3140
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two-Photon Excitation of Potentiometric Probes Enables Optical Recording of Action Potentials From Mammalian Nerve Terminals In Situ.
J. A. N. Fisher, J. R. Barchi, C. G. Welle, G.-H. Kim, P. Kosterin, A. L. Obaid, A. G. Yodh, D. Contreras, and B. M. Salzberg (2008)
J Neurophysiol 99, 1545-1553
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single-molecule biophysics: at the interface of biology, physics and chemistry.
A. A Deniz, S. Mukhopadhyay, and E. A Lemke (2008)
J R Soc Interface 5, 15-45
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Application of Fluorescent Quantum Dots to Confocal, Multiphoton, and Electron Microscopic Imaging.
T. J. Deerinck (2008)
Toxicol Pathol 36, 112-116
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Term, High-Resolution Imaging in the Neocortex In Vivo.
B. E. Chen, J. T. Trachtenberg, A. J.G.D. Holtmaat, and K. Svoboda (2008)
CSH Protocols 2008, pdb.prot4902
   Abstract »    Full Text »
In vivo multiphoton microscopy of NADH and FAD redox states, fluorescence lifetimes, and cellular morphology in precancerous epithelia.
M. C. Skala, K. M. Riching, A. Gendron-Fitzpatrick, J. Eickhoff, K. W. Eliceiri, J. G. White, and N. Ramanujam (2007)
PNAS 104, 19494-19499
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Neural Network Function.
W. Gobel and F. Helmchen (2007)
Physiology 22, 358-365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
New Angles on Neuronal Dendrites In Vivo.
W. Gobel and F. Helmchen (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 3770-3779
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Serotonin Modulates Dendritic Calcium Influx in Commissural Interneurons in the Mouse Spinal Locomotor Network.
M. Diaz-Rios, D. A. Dombeck, W. W. Webb, and R. M. Harris-Warrick (2007)
J Neurophysiol 98, 2157-2167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Principles of Multiphoton-Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy.
W. Denk (2007)
CSH Protocols 2007, pdb.top23
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells survive without exogenous VEGF in 3D perfused co-cultures with hepatocytes.
A. J. Hwa, R. C. Fry, A. Sivaraman, P. T. So, L. D. Samson, D. B. Stolz, and L. G. Griffith (2007)
FASEB J 21, 2564-2579
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity-Dependent Spinogenesis in Hippocampal Neurons.
U. V. Nagerl, G. Kostinger, J. C. Anderson, K. A. C. Martin, and T. Bonhoeffer (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 8149-8156
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Long-Term Two-Photon Transcranial Imaging of Synaptic Structures in the Living Brain.
J. Grutzendler and W.-B. Gan (2007)
CSH Protocols 2007, pdb.prot4766
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Requirements for T Lymphocyte Migration in Explanted Lymph Nodes.
J. H. Huang, L. I. Cardenas-Navia, C. C. Caldwell, T. J. Plumb, C. G. Radu, P. N. Rocha, T. Wilder, J. S. Bromberg, B. N. Cronstein, M. Sitkovsky, et al. (2007)
J. Immunol. 178, 7747-7755
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Relationship between Blood Flow and Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Olfactory Bulb.
E. Chaigneau, P. Tiret, J. Lecoq, M. Ducros, T. Knopfel, and S. Charpak (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 6452-6460
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Robust coding of flow-field parameters by axo-axonal gap junctions between fly visual interneurons.
H. Cuntz, J. Haag, F. Forstner, I. Segev, and A. Borst (2007)
PNAS 104, 10229-10233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Live imaging of collagen remodeling during angiogenesis.
N. D. Kirkpatrick, S. Andreou, J. B. Hoying, and U. Utzinger (2007)
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292, H3198-H3206
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Different Mechanisms Generate Maintained Activity in ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells.
D. J. Margolis and P. B. Detwiler (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 5994-6005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Far-Field Optical Nanoscopy.
S. W. Hell (2007)
Science 316, 1153-1158
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Network Activity in XFP-Expressing Neurons in the Mouse.
J. M. Wilson, D. A. Dombeck, M. Diaz-Rios, R. M. Harris-Warrick, and R. M. Brownstone (2007)
J Neurophysiol 97, 3118-3125
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Integration of Lobula Plate Output Signals by DNOVS1, an Identified Premotor Descending Neuron.
J. Haag, A. Wertz, and A. Borst (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 1992-2000
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hormonal Regulation of Nuclear Permeability.
E. M. O'Brien, D. A. Gomes, S. Sehgal, and M. H. Nathanson (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 4210-4217
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optical Recording of Action Potentials and Other Discrete Physiological Events: A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory.
L. Sjulson and G. Miesenbock (2007)
Physiology 22, 47-55
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiphoton Fluorescence and Second Harmonic Generation Imaging of the Structural Alterations in Keratoconus Ex Vivo.
H.-Y. Tan, Y. Sun, W. Lo, S.-J. Lin, C.-H. Hsiao, Y.-F. Chen, S. C.-M. Huang, W.-C. Lin, S.-H. Jee, H.-S. Yu, et al. (2006)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 5251-5259
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adaptive wavefront correction in two-photon microscopy using coherence-gated wavefront sensing.
M. Rueckel, J. A. Mack-Bucher, and W. Denk (2006)
PNAS 103, 17137-17142
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spine Ca2+ Signaling in Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity.
T. Nevian and B. Sakmann (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 11001-11013
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exploring Mitochondria in the Intact Ischemic Heart: Advancing Technologies to Image Intracellular Function.
M. N. Sack (2006)
Circulation 114, 1452-1454
   Full Text »    PDF »
Real-Time 2-Photon Imaging of Mitochondrial Function in Perfused Rat Hearts Subjected to Ischemia/Reperfusion.
M. Matsumoto-Ida, M. Akao, T. Takeda, M. Kato, and T. Kita (2006)
Circulation 114, 1497-1503
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aqueous humor outflow: what do we know? Where will it lead us?.
M. P. Fautsch, D. H. Johnson, and the Second ARVO/Pfizer Research Institute Working (2006)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 4181-4187
   Full Text »    PDF »
Two-Photon-Excited Fluorescence Imaging of Human RPE Cells with a Femtosecond Ti:Sapphire Laser..
A. Bindewald-Wittich, M. Han, S. Schmitz-Valckenberg, S. R. Snyder, G. Giese, J. F. Bille, and F. G. Holz (2006)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 4553-4557
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Localization Signal Receptor Affinity Correlates with in Vivo Localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A. E. Hodel, M. T. Harreman, K. F. Pulliam, M. E. Harben, J. S. Holmes, M. R. Hodel, K. M. Berland, and A. H. Corbett (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 23545-23556
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Macromolecular-scale resolution in biological fluorescence microscopy.
G. Donnert, J. Keller, R. Medda, M. A. Andrei, S. O. Rizzoli, R. Luhrmann, R. Jahn, C. Eggeling, and S. W. Hell (2006)
PNAS 103, 11440-11445
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Calcium Release Domains in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Studied with Two-photon Imaging and Spot Detection Techniques.
J. Gomez, P. Neco, M. DiFranco, and J. L. Vergara (2006)
J. Gen. Physiol. 127, 623-637
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fanciful FRET.
S. S. Vogel, C. Thaler, and S. V. Koushik (2006)
Sci. STKE 2006, re2
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Living cells as test tubes..
X. S. Xie, J. Yu, and W. Y. Yang (2006)
Science 312, 228-230
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Approaches for biological and biomimetic energy conversion.
D. A. LaVan and J. N. Cha (2006)
PNAS 103, 5251-5255
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiphoton autofluorescence and second-harmonic generation imaging of the ex vivo porcine eye..
S.-W. Teng, H.-Y. Tan, J.-L. Peng, H.-H. Lin, K. H. Kim, W. Lo, Y. Sun, W.-C. Lin, S.-J. Lin, S.-H. Jee, et al. (2006)
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 47, 1216-1224
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Overcoming photodamage in second-harmonic generation microscopy: Real-time optical recording of neuronal action potentials.
L. Sacconi, D. A. Dombeck, and W. W. Webb (2006)
PNAS 103, 3124-3129
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fast Functional Imaging of Single Neurons Using Random-Access Multiphoton (RAMP) Microscopy.
V. Iyer, T. M. Hoogland, and P. Saggau (2006)
J Neurophysiol 95, 535-545
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitative 3D fluorescence technique for the analysis of en face preparations of arterial walls using quantum dot nanocrystals and two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy.
D. E. Ferrara, D. Weiss, P. H. Carnell, R. P. Vito, D. Vega, X. Gao, S. Nie, and W. R. Taylor (2006)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 290, R114-R123
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diffusion and scaling during early embryonic pattern formation.
T. Gregor, W. Bialek, R. R. d. R. van Steveninck, D. W. Tank, and E. F. Wieschaus (2005)
PNAS 102, 18403-18407
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chemical imaging of tissue in vivo with video-rate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
C. L. Evans, E. O. Potma, M. Puoris'haag, D. Cote, C. P. Lin, and X. S. Xie (2005)
PNAS 102, 16807-16812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temporally resolved interactions between antigen-stimulated IgE receptors and Lyn kinase on living cells.
D. R. Larson, J. A. Gosse, D. A. Holowka, B. A. Baird, and W. W. Webb (2005)
J. Cell Biol. 171, 527-536
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Map Plasticity in Somatosensory Cortex.
D. E. Feldman and M. Brecht (2005)
Science 310, 810-815
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optical Recording of Fast Neuronal Membrane Potential Transients in Acute Mammalian Brain Slices by Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy.
D. A. Dombeck, L. Sacconi, M. Blanchard-Desce, and W. W. Webb (2005)
J Neurophysiol 94, 3628-3636
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A new quantitative (two-photon extracellular polar-tracer imaging-based quantification (TEPIQ)) analysis for diameters of exocytic vesicles and its application to mouse pancreatic islets.
H. Kasai, H. Hatakeyama, T. Kishimoto, T.-T. Liu, T. Nemoto, and N. Takahashi (2005)
J. Physiol. 568, 891-903
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitative intravital microscopy using a Generalized Polarity concept for kidney studies.
W. Yu, R. M. Sandoval, and B. A. Molitoris (2005)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 289, C1197-C1208
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Symposium Presentations.
V. Fuster (2005)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 46, 5A-70A
   Full Text »    PDF »
Imaging input and output dynamics of neocortical networks in vivo: Exciting times ahead.
A. Grinvald (2005)
PNAS 102, 14125-14126
   Full Text »    PDF »
Nonlinear structured-illumination microscopy: Wide-field fluorescence imaging with theoretically unlimited resolution.
M. G. L. Gustafsson (2005)
PNAS 102, 13081-13086
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Donor Islet Endothelial Cells Participate in Formation of Functional Vessels Within Pancreatic Islet Grafts.
D. Nyqvist, M. Kohler, H. Wahlstedt, and P.-O. Berggren (2005)
Diabetes 54, 2287-2293
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two-Photon Excitation in Fluorescence Polarization Receptor-Ligand Binding Assay.
M. E. Tirri, R. J. Huttunen, J. Toivonen, P. L. Harkonen, J. T. Soini, and P. E. Hanninen (2005)
J Biomol Screen 10, 314-319
   Abstract »    PDF »
Multiphoton imaging of renal tissues in vitro.
J. Peti-Peterdi (2005)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288, F1079-F1083
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Performance of Genetically Encoded Indicators of Neural Activity in Flies.
D. F. Reiff, A. Ihring, G. Guerrero, E. Y. Isacoff, M. Joesch, J. Nakai, and A. Borst (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 4766-4778
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Target Cell-Dependent Normalization of Transmitter Release at Neocortical Synapses.
H. J. Koester and D. Johnston (2005)
Science 308, 863-866
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces cytoskeletal reorganization in C2C12 myoblasts: physiological relevance for stress fibres in the modulation of ion current through stretch-activated channels.
L. Formigli, E. Meacci, C. Sassoli, F. Chellini, R. Giannini, F. Quercioli, B. Tiribilli, R. Squecco, P. Bruni, F. Francini, et al. (2005)
J. Cell Sci. 118, 1161-1171
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiphoton Microscopy of Endogenous Fluorescence Differentiates Normal, Precancerous, and Cancerous Squamous Epithelial Tissues.
M. C. Skala, J. M. Squirrell, K. M. Vrotsos, J. C. Eickhoff, A. Gendron-Fitzpatrick, K. W. Eliceiri, and N. Ramanujam (2005)
Cancer Res. 65, 1180-1186
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamic Multiphoton Imaging: A Live View from Cells to Systems.
G. E. Stutzmann and I. Parker (2005)
Physiology 20, 15-21
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In vivo modulation of morphogenetic movements in Drosophila embryos with femtosecond laser pulses.
W. Supatto, D. Debarre, B. Moulia, E. Brouzes, J.-L. Martin, E. Farge, and E. Beaurepaire (2005)
PNAS 102, 1047-1052
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two-Photon Microscopy of Cells and Tissue.
M. Rubart (2004)
Circ. Res. 95, 1154-1166
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Use of coherent control methods through scattering biological tissue to achieve functional imaging.
J. M. Dela Cruz, I. Pastirk, M. Comstock, V. V. Lozovoy, and M. Dantus (2004)
PNAS 101, 16996-17001
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Genetic Switch for Epilepsy in Adult Mice.
H. E. Krestel, D. R. Shimshek, V. Jensen, T. Nevian, J. Kim, Y. Geng, T. Bast, A. Depaulis, K. Schonig, F. Schwenk, et al. (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 10568-10578
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Guiding neuronal development with in situ microfabrication.
B. Kaehr, R. Allen, D. J. Javier, J. Currie, and J. B. Shear (2004)
PNAS 101, 16104-16108
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fly motion vision is based on Reichardt detectors regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio.
J. Haag, W. Denk, and A. Borst (2004)
PNAS 101, 16333-16338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Approaches to Monitor and Manipulate Single Neurons In Vivo.
M. Brecht, M. S. Fee, O. Garaschuk, F. Helmchen, T. W. Margrie, K. Svoboda, and P. Osten (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 9223-9227
   Full Text »    PDF »
Stabilization of Exocytosis by Dynamic F-actin Coating of Zymogen Granules in Pancreatic Acini.
T. Nemoto, T. Kojima, A. Oshima, H. Bito, and H. Kasai (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 37544-37550
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Retinosomes: new insights into intracellular managing of hydrophobic substances in lipid bodies.
Y. Imanishi, V. Gerke, and K. Palczewski (2004)
J. Cell Biol. 166, 447-453
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optical Sectioning Deep Inside Live Embryos by Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy.
J. Huisken, J. Swoger, F. Del Bene, J. Wittbrodt, and E. H. K. Stelzer (2004)
Science 305, 1007-1009
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fluorescence imaging in living animals. Focus on "Uptake and trafficking of fluorescent conjugates of folic acid in intact kidney determined using intravital two-photon microscopy".
S. X. Lin and F. R. Maxfield (2004)
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287, C257-C259
   Full Text »    PDF »
Neural Activity Triggers Neuronal Oxidative Metabolism Followed by Astrocytic Glycolysis.
K. A. Kasischke, H. D. Vishwasrao, P. J. Fisher, W. R. Zipfel, and W. W. Webb (2004)
Science 305, 99-103
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Video-Rate Nonlinear Microscopy of Neuronal Membrane Dynamics With Genetically Encoded Probes.
R. D. Roorda, T. M. Hohl, R. Toledo-Crow, and G. Miesenbock (2004)
J Neurophysiol 92, 609-621
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acidosis-induced apoptosis in human and porcine heart.
H. S. Thatte, J.-H. Rhee, S. E. Zagarins, P. R. Treanor, V. Birjiniuk, M. D. Crittenden, and S. F. Khuri (2004)
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 77, 1376-1383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Multiphoton Microscopy of Deep Brain Tissue.
M. J. Levene, D. A. Dombeck, K. A. Kasischke, R. P. Molloy, and W. W. Webb (2004)
J Neurophysiol 91, 1908-1912
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Number of Glutamate Receptors Opened by Synaptic Stimulation in Single Hippocampal Spines.
E. A. Nimchinsky, R. Yasuda, T. G. Oertner, and K. Svoboda (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 2054-2064
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single Spine Ca2+ Signals Evoked by Coincident EPSPs and Backpropagating Action Potentials in Spiny Stellate Cells of Layer 4 in the Juvenile Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex.
T. Nevian and B. Sakmann (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 1689-1699
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Postsynaptic Calcium Influx at Single Synaptic Contacts between Pyramidal Neurons and Bitufted Interneurons in Layer 2/3 of Rat Neocortex Is Enhanced by Backpropagating Action Potentials.
K. M. M. Kaiser, J. Lubke, Y. Zilberter, and B. Sakmann (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 1319-1329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Imaging Calcium Concentration Dynamics in Small Neuronal Compartments.
R. Yasuda, E. A. Nimchinsky, V. Scheuss, T. A. Pologruto, T. G. Oertner, B. L. Sabatini, and K. Svoboda (2004)
Sci. STKE 2004, pl5
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Noninvasive two-photon imaging reveals retinyl ester storage structures in the eye.
Y. Imanishi, M. L. Batten, D. W. Piston, W. Baehr, and K. Palczewski (2004)
J. Cell Biol. 164, 373-383
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Optical Recording of Action Potentials with Second-Harmonic Generation Microscopy.
D. A. Dombeck, M. Blanchard-Desce, and W. W. Webb (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 999-1003
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Probing protein oligomerization in living cells with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy.
Y. Chen, L.-N. Wei, and J. D. Muller (2003)
PNAS 100, 15492-15497
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)