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Science 30 June 1989:
Vol. 244. no. 4912, pp. 1593 - 1595
DOI: 10.1126/science.2740905
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Articles

Science, Vol 244, Issue 4912, 1593-1595
Copyright © 1989 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Freeze avoidance in a mammal: body temperatures below 0 degree C in an Arctic hibernator

BM Barnes

Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775-0180.

Hibernating arctic ground squirrels, Spermophilus parryii, were able to adopt and spontaneously arouse from core body temperatures as low as -2.9 degrees C without freezing. Abdominal body temperatures of ground squirrels hibernating in outdoor burrows were recorded with temperature-sensitive radiotransmitter implants. Body temperatures and soil temperatures at hibernaculum depth reached average minima during February of -1.9 degrees and -6 degrees C, respectively. Laboratory-housed ground squirrels hibernating in ambient temperatures of -4.3 degrees C maintained above 0 degree C thoracic temperatures but decreased colonic temperatures to as low as -1.3 degrees C. Plasma sampled from animals with below 0 degree C body temperatures had normal solute concentrations and showed no evidence of containing antifreeze molecules.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Elevated expression of protein biosynthesis genes in liver and muscle of hibernating black bears (Ursus americanus).
V. B. Fedorov, A. V. Goropashnaya, O. Toien, N. C. Stewart, A. Y. Gracey, C. Chang, S. Qin, G. Pertea, J. Quackenbush, L. C. Showe, et al. (2009)
Physiol Genomics 37, 108-118
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Proteomic analysis of the winter-protected phenotype of hibernating ground squirrel intestine.
S. L. Martin, L. E. Epperson, J. C. Rose, C. C. Kurtz, C. Ane, and H. V. Carey (2008)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 295, R316-R328
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Mammalian hibernation: a naturally reversible model for insulin resistance in man?.
S. L Martin (2008)
Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 5, 76-81
   Abstract »    PDF »
Modulation of gene expression in hibernating arctic ground squirrels.
J. Yan, B. M. Barnes, F. Kohl, and T. G. Marr (2008)
Physiol Genomics 32, 170-181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Synaptic Protein Dynamics in Hibernation.
C. G. von der Ohe, C. C. Garner, C. Darian-Smith, and H. C. Heller (2007)
J. Neurosci. 27, 84-92
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ubiquitous and Temperature-Dependent Neural Plasticity in Hibernators.
C. G. von der Ohe, C. Darian-Smith, C. C. Garner, and H. C. Heller (2006)
J. Neurosci. 26, 10590-10598
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of UCP1 and UCP3 in arctic ground squirrels and relation with mitochondrial proton leak.
J. L. Barger, B. M. Barnes, and B. B. Boyer (2006)
J Appl Physiol 101, 339-347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Detection of differential gene expression in brown adipose tissue of hibernating arctic ground squirrels with mouse microarrays.
J. Yan, A. Burman, C. Nichols, L. Alila, L. C. Showe, M. K. Showe, B. B. Boyer, B. M. Barnes, and T. G. Marr (2006)
Physiol Genomics 25, 346-353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Absence of cellular stress in brain after hypoxia induced by arousal from hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels.
Y. L. Ma, X. Zhu, P. M. Rivera, O. Toien, B. M. Barnes, J. C. LaManna, M. A. Smith, and K. L. Drew (2005)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 289, R1297-R1306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Quantitative Analysis of Liver Protein Expression During Hibernation in the Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel.
L. E. Epperson, T. A. Dahl, and S. L. Martin (2004)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 3, 920-933
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mammalian Hibernation: Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature.
H. V. CAREY, M. T. ANDREWS, and S. L. MARTIN (2003)
Physiol Rev 83, 1153-1181
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Quantitative assessment of ground squirrel mRNA levels in multiple stages of hibernation.
L. E. Epperson and S. L. Martin (2002)
Physiol Genomics 10, 93-102
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Biology of Thermoregulation: Invited Review: Molecular adaptations in mammalian hibernators: unique adaptations or generalized responses?.
F. van Breukelen and S. L. Martin (2002)
J Appl Physiol 92, 2640-2647
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Translational initiation is uncoupled from elongation at 18{degrees}C during mammalian hibernation.
F. van Breukelen and S. L. Martin (2001)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 281, R1374-R1379
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Ascorbate dynamics and oxygen consumption during arousal from hibernation in Arctic ground squirrels.
O. Toien, K. L. Drew, M. L. Chao, and M. E. Rice (2001)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 281, R572-R583
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mRNA Stability and Polysome Loss in Hibernating Arctic Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus parryii).
J. E. Knight, E. N. Narus, S. L. Martin, A. Jacobson, B. M. Barnes, and B. B. Boyer (2000)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 6374-6379
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Regulation of body temperature and energy requirements of hibernating Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota).
S. Ortmann and G. Heldmaier (2000)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278, R698-R704
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Delta opioid receptors and low temperature myocardial protection.
C. F. Schwartz, A. J. Georges, M. A. Gallagher, L. Yu, K. S. Kilgore, and S. F. Bolling (1999)
Ann. Thorac. Surg. 68, 2089-2092
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissimilarity of slow-wave activity enhancement by torpor and sleep deprivation in a hibernator.
A. M. Strijkstra and S. Daan (1998)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 275, R1110-R1117
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential regulation of uncoupling protein gene homologues in multiple tissues of hibernating ground squirrels.
B. B. Boyer, B. M. Barnes, B. B. Lowell, and D. Grujic (1998)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 275, R1232-R1238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low-temperature carbon utilization is regulated by novel gene activity in the heart of a hibernating mammal.
M. T. Andrews, T. L. Squire, C. M. Bowen, and M. B. Rollins (1998)
PNAS 95, 8392-8397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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