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Science 24 March 1989:
Vol. 243. no. 4898, pp. 1593 - 1596
DOI: 10.1126/science.2928796
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Articles

Science, Vol 243, Issue 4898, 1593-1596
Copyright © 1989 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Direct measurements of sliding between outer doublet microtubules in swimming sperm flagella

CJ Brokaw

Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.

The relative motion of 40-nanometer gold beads bound to the exposed outer doublet microtubules of demembranated sea urchin sperm flagella has been observed and photographed during adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-reactivated swimming. This direct demonstration and measure of sliding displacements between outer doublet microtubules in actively bending flagella verifies the original sliding microtubule model for ciliary bending that was established by electron microscopy of fixed cilia and provides a new, functional measure for the diameter of the flagellar axoneme of 132 +/- 8 nanometers.


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Cilia get arms for bending.
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Analysis of microtubule sliding patterns in Chlamydomonas flagellar axonemes reveals dynein activity on specific doublet microtubules.
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Tales From the Tail: What Do We Really Know About Sperm Motility?.
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Kinesin-related proteins in eukaryotic flagella.
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Regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding by the radial spokes in flagella.
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