Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.


Science 20 January 1989:
Vol. 243. no. 4889, pp. 355 - 361
DOI: 10.1126/science.2783497

Articles

Science, Vol 243, Issue 4889, 355-361
Copyright © 1989 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation

GR Crabtree

Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, CA.

Interaction of antigen in the proper histocompatibility context with the T lymphocyte antigen receptor leads to an orderly series of events resulting in morphologic change, proliferation, and the acquisition of immunologic function. In most T lymphocytes two signals are required to initiate this process, one supplied by the antigen receptor and the other by accessory cells or agents that activate protein kinase C. Recently, DNA sequences have been identified that act as response elements for one or the other of the two signals, but do not respond to both signals. The fact that these sequences lie within the control regions of the same genes suggests that signals originating from separate cell membrane receptors are integrated at the level of the responsive gene. The view is put forth that these signals initiate a contingent series of gene activations that bring about proliferation and impart immunologic function.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Characterization of Cdk9 T-loop phosphorylation in resting and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes.
R. Ramakrishnan, E. C. Dow, and A. P. Rice (2009)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 1345-1350
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chromatin poises miRNA- and protein-coding genes for expression.
A. Barski, R. Jothi, S. Cuddapah, K. Cui, T.-Y. Roh, D. E. Schones, and K. Zhao (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1742-1751
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Spatial and temporal regulation of coronary vessel formation by calcineurin-NFAT signaling.
M. Zeini, C. T. Hang, J. Lehrer-Graiwer, T. Dao, B. Zhou, and C.-P. Chang (2009)
Development 136, 3335-3345
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-1 binding to CD4 on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells enhances their suppressive function and induces them to home to, and accumulate in, peripheral and mucosal lymphoid tissues: an additional mechanism of immunosuppression.
J. Ji and M. W. Cloyd (2009)
Int. Immunol. 21, 283-294
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proliferating Cells Express mRNAs with Shortened 3' Untranslated Regions and Fewer MicroRNA Target Sites.
R. Sandberg, J. R. Neilson, A. Sarma, P. A. Sharp, and C. B. Burge (2008)
Science 320, 1643-1647
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitochondria control calcium entry at the immunological synapse.
S. A. Oakes (2007)
PNAS 104, 15171-15172
   Full Text »    PDF »
(S)-Armepavine inhibits human peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation by regulating Itk and PLC{gamma} activation in a PI-3K-dependent manner.
C.-P. Liu, Y.-C. Kuo, C.-C. Shen, M.-H. Wu, J.-F. Liao, Y.-L. Lin, C.-F. Chen, and W.-J. Tsai (2007)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 81, 1276-1286
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dynamic Interplay of Transcriptional Machinery and Chromatin Regulates "Late" Expression of the Chemokine RANTES in T Lymphocytes.
Y.-T. Ahn, B. Huang, L. McPherson, C. Clayberger, and A. M. Krensky (2007)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 253-266
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TIRC7 Inhibits T Cell Proliferation by Modulation of CTLA-4 Expression.
G.-C. Bulwin, T. Heinemann, V. Bugge, M. Winter, A. Lohan, M. Schlawinsky, A. Schulze, S. Walter, R. Sabat, R. Schulein, et al. (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 6833-6841
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
LFA-1-Dependent HuR Nuclear Export and Cytokine mRNA Stabilization in T Cell Activation.
J. G. Wang, M. Collinge, V. Ramgolam, O. Ayalon, X. C. Fan, R. Pardi, and J. R. Bender (2006)
J. Immunol. 176, 2105-2113
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RasGRP1 and RasGRP3 Regulate B Cell Proliferation by Facilitating B Cell Receptor-Ras Signaling.
J. J. Coughlin, S. L. Stang, N. A. Dower, and J. C. Stone (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 7179-7184
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Kruppel-Like Factor 2, a Novel Immediate-Early Transcriptional Factor, Regulates IL-2 Expression in T Lymphocyte Activation.
J. Wu and J. B. Lingrel (2005)
J. Immunol. 175, 3060-3066
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Positively Regulates NFATc2 Transactivation through Phosphorylation within the N-terminal Regulatory Domain.
I. Ortega-Perez, E. Cano, F. Were, M. Villar, J. Vazquez, and J. M. Redondo (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 20867-20878
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mycophenolic acid-treated human dendritic cells have a mature migratory phenotype and inhibit allogeneic responses via direct and indirect pathways.
C. Lagaraine, C. Hoarau, V. Chabot, F. Velge-Roussel, and Y. Lebranchu (2005)
Int. Immunol. 17, 351-363
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Active chromatin domains are defined by acetylation islands revealed by genome-wide mapping.
T.-Y. Roh, S. Cuddapah, and K. Zhao (2005)
Genes & Dev. 19, 542-552
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dendritic Cells Induce MUC1 Expression and Polarization on Human T Cells by an IL-7-Dependent Mechanism.
B. Vasir, D. Avigan, Z. Wu, K. Crawford, S. Turnquist, J. Ren, and D. Kufe (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 2376-2386
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Selective Increase in Caspase-3 Expression in Effector but Not Memory T Cells Allows Susceptibility to Apoptosis.
L. Sabbagh, S. M. Kaech, M. Bourbonniere, M. Woo, L. Y. Cohen, E. K. Haddad, N. Labrecque, R. Ahmed, and R.-P. Sekaly (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 5425-5433
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
N-terminal Region of FKBP12 Is Essential for Binding to the Skeletal Ryanodine Receptor.
E. H. Lee, S.-H. Rho, S.-J. Kwon, S. H. Eom, P. D. Allen, and D. H. Kim (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 26481-26488
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Phenotypically and Functionally Activates Immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells.
T. W. Vahlenkamp, M. B. Tompkins, and W. A. F. Tompkins (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 4752-4761
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Antigen Nonspecific Suppression of T Cell Responses by Activated Stimulation-Refractory CD4+ T Cells.
C. T. Duthoit, P. Nguyen, and T. L. Geiger (2004)
J. Immunol. 172, 2238-2246
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Membrane Translocation of Protein Kinase C{theta} during T Lymphocyte Activation Requires Phospholipase C-{gamma}-generated Diacylglycerol.
E. Diaz-Flores, M. Siliceo, C. Martinez-A., and I. Merida (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29208-29215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rosmarinic acid inhibits Ca2+-dependent pathways of T-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling by inhibiting the PLC-gamma 1 and Itk activity.
M.-A. Kang, S.-Y. Yun, and J. Won (2003)
Blood 101, 3534-3542
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genome-wide analysis of mRNA decay in resting and activated primary human T lymphocytes.
A. Raghavan, R. L. Ogilvie, C. Reilly, M. L. Abelson, S. Raghavan, J. Vasdewani, M. Krathwohl, and P. R. Bohjanen (2002)
Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 5529-5538
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Proliferative Capacity of Individual Naive CD4+T Cells Is Amplified by Prolonged T Cell Antigen Receptor Triggering.
A. G. Schrum and L. A. Turka (2002)
J. Exp. Med. 196, 793-803
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of IFN Regulatory Factor 4 Expression in Human T Cell Leukemia Virus-I-Transformed T Cells.
S. Sharma, N. Grandvaux, Y. Mamane, P. Genin, N. Azimi, T. Waldmann, and J. Hiscott (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 3120-3130
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Correlation of Transcriptional Repression by p21SNFT with Changes in DNA{middle dot}NF-AT Complex Interactions.
K. E. Bower, R. W. Zeller, W. Wachsman, T. Martinez, and K. L. McGuire (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34967-34977
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic expression programs and the integration of the CD28 costimulatory signal in T cell activation.
M. Diehn, A. A. Alizadeh, O. J. Rando, C. L. Liu, K. Stankunas, D. Botstein, G. R. Crabtree, and P. O. Brown (2002)
PNAS 99, 11796-11801
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Characterization of Preintegration Latency in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.
T. C. Pierson, Y. Zhou, T. L. Kieffer, C. T. Ruff, C. Buck, and R. F. Siliciano (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 8518-8531
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Curcumin Inhibits Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by Blocking IL-12 Signaling Through Janus Kinase-STAT Pathway in T Lymphocytes.
C. Natarajan and J. J. Bright (2002)
J. Immunol. 168, 6506-6513
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Abnormal Priming of CD4+ T Cells by Dendritic Cells Expressing Hepatitis C Virus Core and E1 Proteins.
P. Sarobe, J. J. Lasarte, N. Casares, A. Lopez-Diaz de Cerio, E. Baixeras, P. Labarga, N. Garcia, F. Borras-Cuesta, and J. Prieto (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 5062-5070
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of the Calcium Release-activated Calcium (CRAC) Current in Jurkat T Cells by the HIV-1 Envelope Protein gp160.
O. Dellis, S. C. Gangloff, M. Paulais, D. Tondelier, J.-P. Rona, F. Brouillard, F. Bouteau, M. Guenounou, and J. Teulon (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 6044-6050
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Defect in ERK2 and p54JNK Activation in Aging Mouse Splenocytes.
M. Li, C. Torres, C. Acuna-Castillo, R. Walter, E. M. Gardner, D. M. Murasko, and F. Sierra (2002)
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 57, B41-47
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Stimulation of Th2 Response by High Doses of Dehydroepiandrosterone in KLH-Primed Splenocytes.
C. Du, Q. Guan, M. W. Khalil, and S. Sriram (2001)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 226, 1051-1060
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor {kappa}B.
E. Ayroldi, G. Migliorati, S. Bruscoli, C. Marchetti, O. Zollo, L. Cannarile, F. D'Adamio, and C. Riccardi (2001)
Blood 98, 743-753
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary relationships among Rel domains indicate functional diversification by recombination.
I. A. Graef, J. M. Gastier, U. Francke, and G. R. Crabtree (2001)
PNAS 98, 5740-5745
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neonatal Exposure to Antigen Induces a Defective CD40 Ligand Expression that Undermines Both IL-12 Production by APC and IL-2 Receptor Up-Regulation on Splenic T Cells and Perpetuates IFN-{{gamma}}-Dependent T Cell Anergy.
B. Min, K. L. Legge, J. J. Bell, R. K. Gregg, L. Li, J. C. Caprio, and H. Zaghouani (2001)
J. Immunol. 166, 5594-5603
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Jun N-terminal kinase 2 modulates thymocyte apoptosis and T cell activation through c-Jun and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT).
A. Behrens, K. Sabapathy, I. Graef, M. Cleary, G. R. Crabtree, and E. F. Wagner (2001)
PNAS 98, 1769-1774
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C-Jun Nh2-Terminal Kinase (Jnk)1 and Jnk2 Have Similar and Stage-Dependent Roles in Regulating T Cell Apoptosis and Proliferation.
K. Sabapathy, T. Kallunki, J.-P. David, I. Graef, M. Karin, and E. F. Wagner (2001)
J. Exp. Med. 193, 317-328
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The NFAT-Related Protein NFATL1 (TonEBP/NFAT5) Is Induced Upon T Cell Activation in a Calcineurin-Dependent Manner.
J. Trama, Q. Lu, R. G. Hawley, and S. N. Ho (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 4884-4894
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single Channel Properties and Regulated Expression of Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ (Crac) Channels in Human T Cells.
A. F. Fomina, C. M. Fanger, J. A. Kozak, and M. D. Cahalan (2000)
J. Cell Biol. 150, 1435-1444
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Chemokine Receptor Utilization of Viruses in the Latent Reservoir for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
T. Pierson, T. L. Hoffman, J. Blankson, D. Finzi, K. Chadwick, J. B. Margolick, C. Buck, J. D. Siliciano, R. W. Doms, and R. F. Siliciano (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 7824-7833
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Isolation of translationally controlled mRNAs by differential screening.
W. MIKULITS, B. PRADET-BALADE, B. HABERMANN, H. BEUG, J. A. GARCIA-SANZ, and E. W. MÜLLNER (2000)
FASEB J 14, 1641-1652
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Cocoa Procyanidins and Human Cytokine Transcription and Secretion.
T. Mao, J. Van de Water, C. L. Keen, H. H. Schmitz, and M. E. Gershwin (2000)
J. Nutr. 130, 2093S-2099
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Repression of IL-2 Promoter Activity by the Novel Basic Leucine Zipper p21SNFT Protein.
M. Iacobelli, W. Wachsman, and K. L. McGuire (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 860-868
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T-cell trafficking into sites of inflammation.
A. Hamann and U. Syrbe (2000)
Rheumatology 39, 696-699
   Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired Ca/calcineurin pathway in in vivo anergized CD4 T cells.
M. Kimura, M. Yamashita, M. Kubo, M. Iwashima, C. Shimizu, K. Tokoyoda, J. Chiba, M. Taniguchi, M. Katsumata, and T. Nakayama (2000)
Int. Immunol. 12, 817-824
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive Expression of a Chimeric Receptor That Delivers IL-2/IL-15 Signals Allows Antigen-Independent Proliferation of CD8+CD44high But Not Other T Cells.
S. Gasser, P. Corthesy, F. Beerman, H. R. MacDonald, and M. Nabholz (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 5659-5667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RasGRP links T-cell receptor signaling to Ras.
J. O. Ebinu, S. L. Stang, C. Teixeira, D. A. Bottorff, J. Hooton, P. M. Blumberg, M. Barry, R. C. Bleakley, H. L. Ostergaard, and J. C. Stone (2000)
Blood 95, 3199-3203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DO11.10 and OT-II T Cells Recognize a C-Terminal Ovalbumin 323-339 Epitope.
J. M. Robertson, P. E. Jensen, and B. D. Evavold (2000)
J. Immunol. 164, 4706-4712
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Potentiation of CD3-induced expression of the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) by the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A and FK506.
D. Peters, M. Tsuchida, E. R. Manthei, T. Alam, C. S. Cho, S. J. Knechtle, and M. M. Hamawy (2000)
Blood 95, 2733-2741
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rel Induces Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF-4) Expression in Lymphocytes: Modulation of Interferon-Regulated Gene Expression by Rel/Nuclear Factor {kappa}B.
R. J. Grumont and S. Gerondakis (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 191, 1281-1292
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of Human T Lymphocytes Is Inhibited by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma ) Agonists. PPARgamma CO-ASSOCIATION WITH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT.
X. Y. Yang, L. H. Wang, T. Chen, D. R. Hodge, J. H. Resau, L. DaSilva, and W. L. Farrar (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 4541-4544
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Target-Cell Contact Activates a Highly Selective Capacitative Calcium Entry Pathway in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.
A. Zweifach (2000)
J. Cell Biol. 148, 603-614
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Amino Acid Residues and Protein Kinases Involved in the Regulation of NFATc Subcellular Localization.
C. M. Porter, M. A. Havens, and N. A. Clipstone (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 3543-3551
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity by a Calcineurin B Homologous Protein.
X. Lin, R. A. Sikkink, F. Rusnak, and D. L. Barber (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 36125-36131
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Cell Activation Up-Regulates the Expression of the Focal Adhesion Kinase Pyk2: Opposing Roles for the Activation of Protein Kinase C and the Increase in Intracellular Ca2+.
M. Tsuchida, E. R. Manthei, T. Alam, S. J. Knechtle, and M. M. Hamawy (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 6640-6650
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Binding Site for the Transcription Factor Grainyhead/Nuclear Transcription Factor-1 Contributes to Regulation of the Drosophila Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene Promoter.
Y. Hayashi, M. Yamagishi, Y. Nishimoto, O. Taguchi, A. Matsukage, and M. Yamaguchi (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35080-35088
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T cell activation responses are differentially regulated during clinorotation and in spaceflight.
B. B. HASHEMI, J. E. PENKALA, C. VENS, H. HULS, M. CUBBAGE, and C. F. SAMS (1999)
FASEB J 13, 2071-2082
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Requirement of the Src Homology 2 Domain Protein Shb for T Cell Receptor-dependent Activation of the Interleukin-2 Gene Nuclear Factor for Activation of T Cells Element in Jurkat T Cells.
C. K. Lindholm, E. Gylfe, W. Zhang, L. E. Samelson, and M. Welsh (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28050-28057
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirement for Shc in TCR-Mediated Activation of a T Cell Hybridoma.
J. C. Pratt, M. R. M. van den Brink, V. E. Igras, S. F. Walk, K. S. Ravichandran, and S. J. Burakoff (1999)
J. Immunol. 163, 2586-2591
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tumour necrosis factor alpha and the cardiovascular system: its role in cardiac allograft rejection and heart disease.
M. Azzawi and P. Hasleton (1999)
Cardiovasc Res 43, 850-859
   Full Text »    PDF »
The Immunological Synapse: A Molecular Machine Controlling T Cell Activation.
A. Grakoui, S. K. Bromley, C. Sumen, M. M. Davis, A. S. Shaw, P. M. Allen, and M. L. Dustin (1999)
Science 285, 221-227
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Levels of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 Are Inversely Related to the Levels of Their Corresponding Autoantibodies in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection.
R. ElKarim, C. Granert, L. Lindquist, H. Link, and M. Bakhiet (1999)
Infect. Immun. 67, 3051-3054
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IKKgamma Mediates the Interaction of Cellular Ikappa B Kinases with the Tax Transforming Protein of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1.
Z.-L. Chu, Y.-A. Shin, J.-M. Yang, J. A. DiDonato, and D. W. Ballard (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15297-15300
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Three Amino Acid Residues Determine Selective Binding of FK506-binding Protein 12.6 to the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor.
H.-B. Xin, K. Rogers, Y. Qi, T. Kanematsu, and S. Fleischer (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 15315-15319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Costimulation Reverses the Defect in IL-2 But Not Effector Cytokine Production by T Cells with Impaired I{kappa}B{alpha} Degradation.
T. M. Aune, A. L. Mora, S. Kim, M. Boothby, and A. H. Lichtman (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5805-5812
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of T Cell Proliferation by Macrophage Tryptophan Catabolism.
D. H. Munn, E. Shafizadeh, J. T. Attwood, I. Bondarev, A. Pashine, and A. L. Mellor (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 189, 1363-1372
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TCR Signaling Thresholds Regulating T Cell Development and Activation Are Dependent upon SHP-1.
K. G. Johnson, F. G. LeRoy, L. K. Borysiewicz, and R. J. Matthews (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 3802-3813
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TCR-Independent Pathways Mediate the Effects of Antigen Dose and Altered Peptide Ligands on Th Cell Polarization.
A. Grakoui, D. L. Donermeyer, O. Kanagawa, K. M. Murphy, and P. M. Allen (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 1923-1930
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 with Adapter Proteins Crk and CrkL Leads to Synergistic Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase.
P. Ling, Z. Yao, C. F. Meyer, X. S. Wang, W. Oehrl, S. M. Feller, and T.-H. Tan (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 1359-1368
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Cell Receptor (TCR) Antagonism without a Negative Signal: Evidence from T Cell Hybridomas Expressing Two Independent TCRs.
S. H. Stotz, L. Bolliger, F. R. Carbone, and E. Palmer (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 189, 253-264
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Presence of Pentoxifylline During T Cell Priming Increases Clonal Frequencies in Secondary Proliferative Responses and Inhibits Apoptosis.
M. Gupta, A. George, R. Sen, S. Rath, J. M. Durdik, and V. Bal (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 689-695
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
STAT5 Interaction with the T Cell Receptor Complex and Stimulation of T Cell Proliferation.
T. Welte, D. Leitenberg, B. N. Dittel, B. K. al-Ramadi, B. Xie, Y. E. Chin, C. A. Janeway Jr., A. L. Bothwell, K. Bottomly, and X. Fu (1999)
Science 283, 222-225
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Signaling through Calcium, Calcineurin, and NF-AT in Lymphocyte Activation and Development.
K. STANKUNAS, I.A. GRAEF, J.R. NEILSON, S.-H. PARK, and G.R. CRABTREE (1999)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 64, 505-516
   Abstract »    PDF »
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Prevents Activation-Induced Cell Death: IL-2-Independent Inhibition of Fas/fasL Expression and Cell Death.
E. Ayroldi, O. Zollo, L. Cannarile, F. D' Adamio, U. Grohmann, D. V. Delfino, and C. Riccardi (1998)
Blood 92, 4212-4219
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Prostaglandin E2 Up-regulates HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat-driven Gene Activity in T Cells via NF-kappa B-dependent and -Independent Signaling Pathways.
N. Dumais, B. Barbeau, M. Olivier, and M. J. Tremblay (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 27306-27314
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A p56lck-independent Pathway of CD2 Signaling Involves Jun Kinase.
R. Sunder-Plassmann and E. L. Reinherz (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 24249-24257
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genome Activation Induced by Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Protein Is through Cooperation of NF-kappa B and Tat.
H. Cheng, J. Tarnok, and W. P. Parks (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6911-6916
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S Is a Mitogen but Not a Superantigen for Human T Lymphocytes.
T. F. Bruno, D. E. Buser, R. M. Syme, D. E. Woods, and C. H. Mody (1998)
Infect. Immun. 66, 3072-3079
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
V7 (CD101) Ligation Inhibits TCR/CD3-Induced IL-2 Production by Blocking Ca2+ Flux and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell Nuclear Translocation.
L. R. B. Soares, L. Tsavaler, A. Rivas, and E. G. Engleman (1998)
J. Immunol. 161, 209-217
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T Lymphocyte Activation Signals for Interleukin-2 Production Involve Activation of MKK6-p38 and MKK7-SAPK/JNK Signaling Pathways Sensitive to Cyclosporin A.
S. Matsuda, T. Moriguchi, S. Koyasu, and E. Nishida (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 12378-12382
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
.
J. Fan, P. Nishanian, E. C. Breen, M. McDonald, and J. L. Fahey (1998)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 5, 335-340
   Abstract »
Turnover of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes in HIV-1 Infection as Measured by Ki-67 Antigen.
N. Sachsenberg, A. S. Perelson, S. Yerly, G. A. Schockmel, D. Leduc, B. Hirschel, and L. Perrin (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 1295-1303
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Progression to the G1b Phase of the Cell Cycle Is Required for Completion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcription in T Cells.
Y. D. Korin and J. A. Zack (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 3161-3168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Characterization of Signal Transduction Through the TCR-{zeta} Chain Following T Cell Stimulation with Analogue Peptides of Type II Collagen 260-267.
B. Tang, L. K. Myers, E. F. Rosloniec, K. B. Whittington, J. M. Stuart, and A. H. Kang (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 3135-3142
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Tpl-2 protooncoprotein activates the nuclear factor of activated T cells and induces interleukin 2 expression in T cell lines.
C. Tsatsanis, C. Patriotis, S. E. Bear, and P. N. Tsichlis (1998)
PNAS 95, 3827-3832
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Translational control: a general mechanism for gene regulation during T cell activation.
J. A. Garcia-Sanz, W. Mikulits, A. Livingstone, I. Lefkovits, and E. W. Müllner (1998)
FASEB J 12, 299-306
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Prostaglandin E2 Modulation of p59fyn Tyrosine Kinase in T Lymphocytes During Sepsis.
M. A. Choudhry, S. Uddin, and M. M. Sayeed (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 929-935
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p130 Is Dispensable in Peripheral T Lymphocytes: Evidence for Functional Compensation by p107 and pRB.
G. J. Mulligan, J. Wong, and T. Jacks (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 206-220
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Interferes with Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK) and Jun NH2-terminal Kinase (JNK) Activation, but Does Not Affect Phosphorylation of T Cell Receptor {zeta} and ZAP70.
C. R. Calvo, D. Amsen, and A. M. Kruisbeek (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 1645-1653
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Impaired CD28-mediated Interleukin 2 Production and Proliferation in Stress Kinase SAPK/ERK1 Kinase (SEK1)/Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4 (MKK4)-deficient T Lymphocytes.
H. Nishina, M. Bachmann, A. J. Oliveira-dos-Santos, I. Kozieradzki, K. D. Fischer, B. Odermatt, A. Wakeham, A. Shahinian, H. Takimoto, A. Bernstein, et al. (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 941-953
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLiSA1 (PTA1) Activation Antigen Implicated in T Cell Differentiation and Platelet Activation Is a Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Exhibiting Distinctive Regulation of Expression.
P. D. Sherrington, J. L. Scott, B. Jin, D. Simmons, D. J. Dorahy, J. Lloyd, J. H. Brien, R. H. Aebersold, J. Adamson, M. Zuzel, et al. (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21735-21744
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of A2a Extracellular Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Adenosine-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Activation and Expansion.
S. Huang, S. Apasov, M. Koshiba, and M. Sitkovsky (1997)
Blood 90, 1600-1610
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites Important in the Regulation of the Human Interleukin-5 Gene.
K. S. Stranick, D. N. Zambas, A. S. Uss, R. W. Egan, M. M. Billah, and S. P. Umland (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 16453-16465
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Perturbation of the T Lymphocyte Lineage In Transgenic Mice Expressing a Constitutive Repressor of Nuclear Factor (NF)-{kappa}B.
M. R. Boothby, A. L. Mora, D. C. Scherer, J. A. Brockman, and D. W. Ballard (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 185, 1897-1907
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mitogenic stimulation of resting T cells causes rapid phosphorylation of the transcription factor LSF and increased DNA-binding activity..
J L Volker, L E Rameh, Q Zhu, J DeCaprio, and U Hansen (1997)
Genes & Dev. 11, 1435-1446
   Abstract »    PDF »
Intermediate Affinity Interleukin-2 Receptor Mediates Survival via a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-dependent Pathway.
A. Gonzalez-Garcia, I. Merida, C. Martinez-A, and A. C. Carrera (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 10220-10226
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Constitutive Binding of the Transcription Factor Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Enhancer Binding Factor to the IL-2 Promoter.
A. Nirula, D. J. Moore, and R. B. Gaynor (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 7736-7745
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



To Advertise     Find Products


Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)