Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 17 June 1988:
Vol. 240. no. 4859, pp. 1648 - 1652
DOI: 10.1126/science.3381086
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 240, Issue 4859, 1648-1652
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Amino acid preferences for specific locations at the ends of alpha helices

JS Richardson and DC Richardson

Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.

A definition based on alpha-carbon positions and a sample of 215 alpha helices from 45 different globular protein structures were used to tabulate amino acid preferences for 16 individual positions relative to the helix ends. The interface residue, which is half in and half out of the helix, is called the N-cap or C-cap, whichever is appropriate. The results confirm earlier observations, such as asymmetrical charge distributions in the first and last helical turn, but several new, sharp preferences are found as well. The most striking of these are a 3.5:1 preference for Asn at the N-cap position, and a preference of 2.6:1 for Pro at N-cap + 1. The C-cap position is overwhelmingly dominated by Gly, which ends 34 percent of the helices. Hydrophobic residues peak at positions N-cap + 4 and C-cap - 4.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Proline Effect on the Thermostability and Slow Unfolding of a Hyperthermophilic Protein.
K. Takano, R. Higashi, J. Okada, A. Mukaiyama, T. Tadokoro, Y. Koga, and S. Kanaya (2009)
J. Biochem. 145, 79-85
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Algorithm for backrub motions in protein design.
I. Georgiev, D. Keedy, J. S. Richardson, D. C. Richardson, and B. R. Donald (2008)
Bioinformatics 24, i196-i204
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intriguing parasites and intramembrane proteases.
R. B. Rawson (2008)
Genes & Dev. 22, 1561-1566
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Allosteric Motions in Structures of Yeast NAD+-specific Isocitrate Dehydrogenase.
A. B. Taylor, G. Hu, P. J. Hart, and L. McAlister-Henn (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 10872-10880
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unique Mutational Patterns in the Envelope {alpha}2 Amphipathic Helix and Acquisition of Length in gp120 Hypervariable Domains Are Associated with Resistance to Autologous Neutralization of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
R. Rong, S. Gnanakaran, J. M. Decker, F. Bibollet-Ruche, J. Taylor, J. N. Sfakianos, J. L. Mokili, M. Muldoon, J. Mulenga, S. Allen, et al. (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 5658-5668
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clade-Specific Differences between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clades B and C: Diversity and Correlations in C3-V4 Regions of gp120.
S. Gnanakaran, D. Lang, M. Daniels, T. Bhattacharya, C. A. Derdeyn, and B. Korber (2007)
J. Virol. 81, 4886-4891
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Conformational Dynamics of the Major Yeast Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein Sec14p: Insight into the Mechanisms of Phospholipid Exchange and Diseases of Sec14p-Like Protein Deficiencies.
M. M. Ryan, B. R.S. Temple, S. E. Phillips, and V. A. Bankaitis (2007)
Mol. Biol. Cell 18, 1928-1942
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure-Function Analysis and Insights into the Reduced Toxicity of Abrus precatorius Agglutinin I in Relation to Abrin.
A. Bagaria, K. Surendranath, U. A. Ramagopal, S. Ramakumar, and A. A. Karande (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 34465-34474
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A backbone-based theory of protein folding.
G. D. Rose, P. J. Fleming, J. R. Banavar, and A. Maritan (2006)
PNAS 103, 16623-16633
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Silico Identification and Biological Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptides Based on Human Cathelicidin LL-37..
T. Sigurdardottir, P. Andersson, M. Davoudi, M. Malmsten, A. Schmidtchen, and M. Bodelsson (2006)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 2983-2989
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Zinc-binding Region in Vif Binds Cul5 and Determines Cullin Selection.
A. Mehle, E. R. Thomas, K. S. Rajendran, and D. Gabuzda (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 17259-17265
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure of the {theta} Subunit of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III in Complex with the {varepsilon} Subunit..
M. A. Keniry, A. Y. Park, E. A. Owen, S. M. Hamdan, G. Pintacuda, G. Otting, and N. E. Dixon (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 4464-4473
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structural plasticity of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase active site.
J. M. Turner, J. Graziano, G. Spraggon, and P. G. Schultz (2006)
PNAS 103, 6483-6488
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Common and Variable Contributions of Fis Residues to High-Affinity Binding at Different DNA Sequences.
L. S. Feldman-Cohen, Y. Shao, D. Meinhold, C. Miller, W. Colon, and R. Osuna (2006)
J. Bacteriol. 188, 2081-2095
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Temperature sensitivities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenases from native and invasive species of marine mussels (genus Mytilus): sequence-function linkages and correlations with biogeographic distribution.
P. A. Fields, E. L. Rudomin, and G. N. Somero (2006)
J. Exp. Biol. 209, 656-667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Intrinsic Protein Disorder, Amino Acid Composition, and Histone Terminal Domains.
J. C. Hansen, X. Lu, E. D. Ross, and R. W. Woody (2006)
J. Biol. Chem. 281, 1853-1856
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Gibbs sampling and helix-cap motifs.
E. Kruus, P. Thumfort, C. Tang, and N. S. Wingreen (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 5343-5353
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNA-protein recognition: Single-residue ultrafast dynamical control of structural specificity and function.
T. Xia, C. Wan, R. W. Roberts, and A. H. Zewail (2005)
PNAS 102, 13013-13018
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary clues to eukaryotic DNA clamp-loading mechanisms: analysis of the functional constraints imposed on replication factor C AAA+ ATPases.
A. F. Neuwald (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 3614-3628
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Conserved N-capping Motif Contributes Significantly to the Stabilization and Dynamics of the C-terminal Region of Class Alpha Glutathione S-Transferases.
H. W. Dirr, T. Little, D. C. Kuhnert, and Y. Sayed (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19480-19487
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contributions of Disulfide Bonds in a Nested Pattern to the Structure, Stability, and Biological Functions of Endostatin.
H. Zhou, W. Wang, and Y. Luo (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 11303-11312
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Discovery of active proteins directly from combinatorial randomized protein libraries without display, purification or sequencing: identification of novel zinc finger proteins.
M. D. Hughes, Z.-R. Zhang, A. J. Sutherland, A. F. Santos, and A. V. Hine (2005)
Nucleic Acids Res. 33, e32
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A simple and fast secondary structure prediction method using hidden neural networks.
K. Lin, V. A. Simossis, W. R. Taylor, and J. Heringa (2005)
Bioinformatics 21, 152-159
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exploring amyloid formation by a de novo design.
R. A. Kammerer, D. Kostrewa, J. Zurdo, A. Detken, C. Garcia-Echeverria, J. D. Green, S. A. Muller, B. H. Meier, F. K. Winkler, C. M. Dobson, et al. (2004)
PNAS 101, 4435-4440
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The {alpha}4 residues of human DNA topoisomerase II{alpha} function in enzymatic activity and anticancer drug sensitivity.
N. Suda, Y. Ito, T. Imai, T. Kikumori, A. Kikuchi, Y. Nishiyama, S. Yoshida, and M. Suzuki (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 1767-1773
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD and NMR Studies of Prion Protein (PrP) Helix 1: NOVEL IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS ROLE IN THE PrPC-> PrPSc CONVERSION PROCESS.
J. Ziegler, H. Sticht, U. C. Marx, W. Muller, P. Rosch, and S. Schwarzinger (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 50175-50181
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Putative Interhelical Interactions within the PheP Protein Revealed by Second-Site Suppressor Analysis.
C. Dogovski, J. Pi, and A. J. Pittard (2003)
J. Bacteriol. 185, 6225-6232
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Exploring the sequence patterns in the {alpha}-helices of proteins.
J. Wang and J.-A. Feng (2003)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 16, 799-807
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evolutionary clues to DNA polymerase III {beta} clamp structural mechanisms.
A. F. Neuwald (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 4503-4516
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stranded in isolation: structural role of isolated extended strands in proteins.
N. Eswar, C. Ramakrishnan, and N. Srinivasan (2003)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 16, 331-339
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Ran's C-terminal, Basic Patch, and Nucleotide Exchange Mechanisms in Light of a Canonical Structure for Rab, Rho, Ras, and Ran GTPases.
A. F. Neuwald, N. Kannan, A. Poleksic, N. Hata, and J. S. Liu (2003)
Genome Res. 13, 673-692
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Generation of Highly Selective VPAC2 Receptor Agonists by High Throughput Mutagenesis of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Peptide.
S. L. Yung, F. Dela Cruz, S. Hamren, J. Zhu, M. Tsutsumi, J. W. Bloom, M. Caudle, S. Roczniak, T. Todd, L. Lemoine, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 10273-10281
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contribution of Glycine 146 to a Conserved Folding Module Affecting Stability and Refolding of Human Glutathione Transferase P1-1.
G. K-W. Kong, G. Polekhina, W. J. McKinstry, M. W. Parker, B. Dragani, A. Aceto, D. Paludi, D. R. Principe, B. Mannervik, and G. Stenberg (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 1291-1302
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein engineering to improve the thermostability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori based on molecular dynamics simulations.
H.-L. Liu and W.-C. Wang (2003)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 16, 19-25
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Salmonid viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus: fusion-related enhancement of virus infectivity by peptides derived from viral glycoprotein G or a combinatorial library.
V. Mas, L. Perez, J. A. Encinar, M. T. Pastor, A. Rocha, E. Perez-Paya, A. Ferrer-Montiel, J. M. Gonzalez Ros, A. Estepa, and J. M. Coll (2002)
J. Gen. Virol. 83, 2671-2681
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A critical assessment of the secondary structure {alpha}-helices and their termini in proteins.
C. L. Wilson, S. J. Hubbard, and A. J. Doig (2002)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 15, 545-554
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: TRILOGY: Discovery of sequence-structure patterns across diverse proteins.
P. Bradley, P. S. Kim, and B. Berger (2002)
PNAS 99, 8500-8505
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Occurrence, conformational features and amino acid propensities for the {pi}-helix.
M.N. Fodje and S. Al-Karadaghi (2002)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 15, 353-358
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aromatic-aromatic interactions in and around {alpha}-helices.
R. Bhattacharyya, U. Samanta, and P. Chakrabarti (2002)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 15, 91-100
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Amino acid runs in eukaryotic proteomes and disease associations.
S. Karlin, L. Brocchieri, A. Bergman, J. Mrazek, and A. J. Gentles (2002)
PNAS 99, 333-338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Large libraries reveal diverse solutions to an RNA recognition problem.
J. E. Barrick, T. T. Takahashi, J. Ren, T. Xia, and R. W. Roberts (2001)
PNAS 98, 12374-12378
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MLL and CREB Bind Cooperatively to the Nuclear Coactivator CREB-Binding Protein.
P. Ernst, J. Wang, M. Huang, R. H. Goodman, and S. J. Korsmeyer (2001)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 2249-2258
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Are the parameters of various stabilization factors estimated from mutant human lysozymes compatible with other proteins?.
J. Funahashi, K. Takano, and K. Yutani (2001)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 14, 127-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Asparagine-proline sequence within membrane-spanning segment of SREBP triggers intramembrane cleavage by Site-2 protease.
J. Ye, U. P. Dave, N. V. Grishin, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown (2000)
PNAS 97, 5123-5128
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Conserved "Hydrophobic Staple Motif" Plays a Crucial Role in the Refolding of Human Glutathione Transferase P1-1.
G. Stenberg, B. Dragani, R. Cocco, B. Mannervik, and A. Aceto (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10421-10428
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Caenorhabditis elegans type I TGF beta receptor can function in the absence of type II kinase to promote larval development.
C. Gunther, L. Georgi, and D. Riddle (2000)
Development 127, 3337-3347
   Abstract »    PDF »
Patterned library analysis: A method for the quantitative assessment of hypotheses concerning the determinants of protein structure.
S. J. Lahr, A. Broadwater, C. W. Carter Jr., M. L. Collier, L. Hensley, J. C. Waldner, G. J. Pielak, and M. H. Edgell (1999)
PNAS 96, 14860-14865
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hidden Markov model approach for identifying the modular framework of the protein backbone.
A.C. Camproux, P. Tuffery, J.P. Chevrolat, J.F. Boisvieux, and S. Hazout (1999)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 12, 1063-1073
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Glycine Insertion in the Hinge Region of Lactose Repressor Protein Alters DNA Binding.
C. M. Falcon and K. S. Matthews (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 30849-30857
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Analysis of Thermal Stabilizing Interactions in Mesophilic and Thermophilic Adenylate Kinases from the Genus Methanococcus.
P. J. Haney, M. Stees, and J. Konisky (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28453-28458
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA2 subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil.
J. Chen, J. J. Skehel, and D. C. Wiley (1999)
PNAS 96, 8967-8972
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Secondary structures without backbone: an analysis of backbone mimicry by polar side chains in protein structures.
N. Eswar and C. Ramakrishnan (1999)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 12, 447-455
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Posttranslational modification of Galpha o1 generates Galpha o3, an abundant G protein in brain.
T. Exner, O. N. Jensen, M. Mann, C. Kleuss, and B. Nurnberg (1999)
PNAS 96, 1327-1332
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure of Two Fragments of the Third Cytoplasmic Loop of the Rat Angiotensin II AT1A Receptor. IMPLICATIONS WITH RESPECT TO RECEPTOR ACTIVATION AND G-PROTEIN SELECTION AND COUPLING.
L. Franzoni, G. Nicastro, T. A. Pertinhez, E. Oliveira, C. R. Nakaie, A. C. M. Paiva, S. Schreier, and A. Spisni (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 227-235
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Dissection of Domains in Mutant Presenilin 2 That Mediate Overproduction of Amyloidogenic Forms of Amyloid beta  Peptides. INABILITY OF TRUNCATED FORMS OF PS2 WITH FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE MUTATION TO INCREASE SECRETION OF Abeta 42.
T. Tomita, S. Tokuhiro, T. Hashimoto, K. Aiba, T. C. Saido, K. Maruyama, and T. Iwatsubo (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 21153-21160
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Pro239Ser: A Novel Recessive Mutation of the Pit-1 Gene in Seven Middle Eastern Children with Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Thyrotropin Deficiency.
F. Pernasetti, R. D. G. Milner, A. A. Z. Al Ashwal, F. de Zegher, V. M. Chavez, M. Muller, and J. A. Martial (1998)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 2079-2083
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Solution structure of SpoIIAA, a phosphorylatable component of the system that regulates transcription factor sigma F of Bacillus subtilis.
H. Kovacs, D. Comfort, M. Lord, I. D. Campbell, and M. D. Yudkin (1998)
PNAS 95, 5067-5071
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Light-activated rhodopsin induces structural binding motif in G protein alpha  subunit.
O. G. Kisselev, J. Kao, J. W. Ponder, Y. C. Fann, N. Gautam, and G. R. Marshall (1998)
PNAS 95, 4270-4275
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure-Activity Relation of NH2-terminal Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragments.
U. C. Marx, K. Adermann, P. Bayer, M. Meyer, W.-G. Forssmann, and P. Rosch (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4308-4316
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hydrophobic sequence minimization of the alpha -lactalbumin molten globule.
L. C. Wu and P. S. Kim (1997)
PNAS 94, 14314-14319
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The A-kinase Anchoring Domain of Type IIalpha cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Is Highly Helical.
M. G. Newlon, M. Roy, Z. E. Hausken, J. D. Scott, and P. A. Jennings (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 23637-23644
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
SKN-1 domain folding and basic region monomer stabilization upon DNA binding.
A. S. Carroll, D. E. Gilbert, X. Liu, J. W. Cheung, J. E. Michnowicz, G. Wagner, T. E. Ellenberger, and T. K. Blackwell (1997)
Genes & Dev. 11, 2227-2238
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure of the C-terminal Fragment 300-320 of the Rat Angiotensin II AT1A Receptor and Its Relevance with Respect to G-Protein Coupling.
L. Franzoni, G. Nicastro, T. A. Pertinhez, M. Tato, C. R. Nakaie, A. C.M. Paiva, S. Schreier, and A. Spisni (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 9734-9741
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Local Interactions in Protein Folding: Lessons from the alpha -Helix.
R. Aurora, T. P. Creamer, R. Srinivasan, and G. D. Rose (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1413-1416
   Full Text »    PDF »
Energetic Implications for Protein Phosphorylation. CONFORMATIONAL STABILITY OF HPr VARIANTS THAT MIMIC PHOSPHORYLATED FORMS.
M. E. Huffine and J. M. Scholtz (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28898-28902
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functionalized Protein-like Structures from Conformationally Defined Synthetic Combinatorial Libraries.
E. Pérez-Payá, R. A. Houghten, and S. E. Blondelle (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4120-4126
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a Novel Domain in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Required for DNA Binding.
B. N. Fukunaga and O. Hankinson (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3743-3749
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Protein Design: A Hierarchic Approach.
J. W. Bryson, S. F. Betz, H. S. Lu, D. J. Suich, H. X. Zhou, K. T. O'Neil, and W. F. DeGrado (1995)
Science 270, 935-941
   Abstract »    PDF »
Guidelines for Protein Design: The Energetics of beta Sheet Side Chain Interactions.
C. K. Smith and L. Regan (1995)
Science 270, 980-982
   Abstract »    PDF »
Effect of pH on the Conformation and Backbone Dynamics of a 27-Residue Peptide in Trifluoroethanol.
F. Fan and K. H. Mayo (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24693-24701
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure of Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-37 in Solution.
U. C. Marx, S. Austermann, P. Bayer, K. Adermann, A. Ejchart, H. Sticht, S. Walter, F.-X. Schmid, R. Jaenicke, W.-G. Forssmann, et al. (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15194-15202
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Structure of a hyperthermophilic tungstopterin enzyme, aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase.
M. Chan, S Mukund, A Kletzin, M. Adams, and D. Rees (1995)
Science 267, 1463-1469
   Abstract »    PDF »
Structure-Function Relationships in Human Interleukin-11.
M. J. Czupryn, J. M. McCoy, and H. A. Scoble (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 978-985
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Molecular Genetic Approach for the Identification of Essential Residues in Human Glutathione S-Transferase Function in Escherichia coli.
H.-C. Lee, Y.-P. S. Toung, Y.-S. L. Tu, and C.-P. D. Tu (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 99-109
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Rules for alpha-helix termination by glycine.
R Aurora, R Srinivasan, and G. Rose (1994)
Science 264, 1126-1130
   Abstract »    PDF »
Alpha-helical coiled coils: more facts and better predictions.
C Cohen and D. Parry (1994)
Science 263, 488-489
   PDF »
Protein design by binary patterning of polar and nonpolar amino acids.
S Kamtekar, J. Schiffer, H Xiong, J. Babik, and M. Hecht (1993)
Science 262, 1680-1685
   Abstract »    PDF »
Atomic structure of the DNA repair [4Fe-4S] enzyme endonuclease III.
C. Kuo, D. McRee, C. Fisher, S. O'Handley, R. Cunningham, and J. Tainer (1992)
Science 258, 434-440
   Abstract »    PDF »
Unraveling the structure of IL-2.
J. Bazan (1992)
Science 257, 410-413
   PDF »
Predicted structural similarities of the DNA binding domains of c-Myc and endonuclease Eco RI.
T. Halazonetis and A. Kandil (1992)
Science 255, 464-466
   Abstract »    PDF »
DNA bending by Fos and Jun: the flexible hinge model.
T. Kerppola and T Curran (1991)
Science 254, 1210-1214
   Abstract »    PDF »
A thermodynamic scale for the helix-forming tendencies of the commonly occurring amino acids.
K. O'Neil and W. DeGrado (1990)
Science 250, 646-651
   Abstract »    PDF »
Side chain contributions to the stability of alpha-helical structure in peptides.
P. Lyu, M. Liff, L. Marky, and N. Kallenbach (1990)
Science 250, 669-673
   Abstract »    PDF »
De novo design, expression, and characterization of Felix: a four-helix bundle protein of native-like sequence.
M. Hecht, J. Richardson, D. Richardson, and R. Ogden (1990)
Science 249, 884-891
   Abstract »    PDF »
Identification of two polypeptide segments of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein required for transcriptional activation of the serum albumin gene..
A D Friedman and S L McKnight (1990)
Genes & Dev. 4, 1416-1426
   Abstract »    PDF »
Conserved residues make similar contacts in two repressor-operator complexes.
C. Pabo, A. Aggarwal, Jordan SR, L. Beamer, U. Obeysekare, and S. Harrison (1990)
Science 247, 1210-1213
   Abstract »    PDF »
Scissors-grip model for DNA recognition by a family of leucine zipper proteins.
C. Vinson, P. Sigler, and S. McKnight (1989)
Science 246, 911-916
   Abstract »    PDF »
Unity in function in the absence of consensus in sequence: role of leader peptides in export.
L. Randall and S. Hardy (1989)
Science 243, 1156-1159
   Abstract »    PDF »
Protein design, a minimalist approach.
W. DeGrado, Z. Wasserman, and J. Lear (1989)
Science 243, 622-628
   Abstract »    PDF »
Crystallographic citations.
W. Hendrickson (1988)
Science 242, 347
   PDF »
Helix signals in proteins.
L. Presta and G. Rose (1988)
Science 240, 1632-1641
   Abstract »    PDF »
Assignment of Functional Amino Acids around the Active Site of Human DNA Topoisomerase IIalpha.
Y. Okada, Y. Ito, A. Kikuchi, Y. Nimura, S. Yoshida, and M. Suzuki (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 24630-24638
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Requirement of Specific Intrahelical Interactions for Stabilizing the Inactive Conformation of Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors.
A. Schulz, K. Bruns, P. Henklein, G. Krause, M. Schubert, T. Gudermann, V. Wray, G. Schultz, and T. Schoneberg (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 37860-37869
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
O-helix Mutant T664P of Thermus aquaticus DNA Polymerase I. ALTERED CATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR INCORPORATION OF INCORRECT NUCLEOTIDES BUT NOT CORRECT NUCLEOTIDES.
A. Tosaka, M. Ogawa, S. Yoshida, and M. Suzuki (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 27562-27567
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Folding and Stability of Human Alpha Class Glutathione Transferase A1-1 Depend on Distinct Roles of a Conserved N-capping Box and Hydrophobic Staple Motif.
R. Cocco, G. Stenberg, B. Dragani, D. R. Principe, D. Paludi, B. Mannervik, and A. Aceto (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 32177-32183
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Crystal Structure of Indoleglycerol-phosphate Synthase from Thermotoga maritima. KINETIC STABILIZATION BY SALT BRIDGES.
T. Knochel, A. Pappenberger, J. N. Jansonius, and K. Kirschner (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 8626-8634
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hydration of the peptide backbone largely defines the thermodynamic propensity scale of residues at the C' position of the C-capping box of alpha -helices.
S. T. Thomas, V. V. Loladze, and G. I. Makhatadze (2001)
PNAS 98, 10670-10675
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)