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Science 29 April 1988:
Vol. 240. no. 4852, pp. 622 - 630
DOI: 10.1126/science.3283935

Articles

Science, Vol 240, Issue 4852, 622-630
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology

RW Mahley

Gladstone Foundation Laboratories for Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco 94140-0608.

Apolipoprotein E is a plasma protein that serves as a ligand for low density lipoprotein receptors and, through its interaction with these receptors, participates in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids among various cells of the body. A mutant form of apolipoprotein E that is defective in binding to low density lipoprotein receptors is associated with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia, a genetic disorder characterized by elevated plasma cholesterol levels and accelerated coronary artery disease. Apolipoprotein E is synthesized in various organs, including liver, brain, spleen, and kidney, and is present in high concentrations in interstitial fluid, where it appears to participate in cholesterol redistribution from cells with excess cholesterol to those requiring cholesterol. Apolipo-protein E also appears to be involved in the repair response to tissue injury; for example, markedly increased amounts of apolipoprotein E are found at sites of peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. Other functions of apolipoprotein E, unrelated to lipid transport, are becoming known, including immunoregulation and modulation of cell growth and differentiation.


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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Sense and antisense transcripts of the apolipoprotein E gene in normal and ApoE knockout mice, their expression after spinal cord injury and corresponding human transcripts.
A. Seitz, D. Gourevitch, X.-M. Zhang, L. Clark, P. Chen, M. Kragol, N. Levenkova, J. Rux, S. Samulewicz, and E. Heber-Katz (2005)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 2661-2670
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USF1 and dyslipidemias: converging evidence for a functional intronic variant.
J. Naukkarinen, M. Gentile, A. Soro-Paavonen, J. Saarela, H. A. Koistinen, P. Pajukanta, M.-R. Taskinen, and L. Peltonen (2005)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 2595-2605
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The apoE isoform binding properties of the VLDL receptor reveal marked differences from LRP and the LDL receptor.
J. Ruiz, D. Kouiavskaia, M. Migliorini, S. Robinson, E. L. Saenko, N. Gorlatova, D. Li, D. Lawrence, B. T. Hyman, K. H. Weisgraber, et al. (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 1721-1731
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apoE4 allele and the natural history of cardiovascular risk factors.
A. Scuteri, S. S. Najjar, D. Muller, R. Andres, C. H. Morrell, A. B. Zonderman, and E. G. Lakatta (2005)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289, E322-E327
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Candidate gene analysis suggests a role for fatty acid biosynthesis and regulation of the complement system in the etiology of age-related maculopathy.
Y. P. Conley, A. Thalamuthu, J. Jakobsdottir, D. E. Weeks, T. Mah, R. E. Ferrell, and M. B. Gorin (2005)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 14, 1991-2002
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Engineering Conformational Destabilization into Mouse Apolipoprotein E: A MODEL FOR A UNIQUE PROPERTY OF HUMAN APOLIPOPROTEIN E4.
D. M. Hatters, C. A. Peters-Libeu, and K. H. Weisgraber (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26477-26482
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The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Regulates the Level of Central Nervous System Human and Murine Apolipoprotein E but Does Not Modify Amyloid Plaque Pathology in PDAPP Mice.
J. D. Fryer, R. B. DeMattos, L. M. McCormick, M. A. O'Dell, M. L. Spinner, K. R. Bales, S. M. Paul, P. M. Sullivan, M. Parsadanian, G. Bu, et al. (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 25754-25759
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Is there a relation between APOE expression and brain amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease?.
J-C Lambert, D Mann, F Richard, J Tian, J Shi, U Thaker, S Merrot, J Harris, B Frigard, T Iwatsubo, et al. (2005)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 76, 928-933
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diet-Induced Occlusive Coronary Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, Cardiac Dysfunction, and Premature Death in Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-Deficient, Hypomorphic Apolipoprotein ER61 Mice.
S. Zhang, M. H. Picard, E. Vasile, Y. Zhu, R. L. Raffai, K. H. Weisgraber, and M. Krieger (2005)
Circulation 111, 3457-3464
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From The Cover: Correlations between apolipoprotein E {epsilon}4 gene dose and brain-imaging measurements of regional hypometabolism.
E. M. Reiman, K. Chen, G. E. Alexander, R. J. Caselli, D. Bandy, D. Osborne, A. M. Saunders, and J. Hardy (2005)
PNAS 102, 8299-8302
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adipocyte Signaling and Lipid Homeostasis: Sequelae of Insulin-Resistant Adipose Tissue.
Y.-H. Yu and H. N. Ginsberg (2005)
Circ. Res. 96, 1042-1052
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Screening for Dysbetalipoproteinemia by Plasma Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein B Concentrations.
D. J. Blom, F. H. O'Neill, and A. D. Marais (2005)
Clin. Chem. 51, 904-907
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APOE influences vasospasm and cognition of noncomatose patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
L. A. Lanterna, M. Rigoldi, G. Tredici, F. Biroli, C. Cesana, S. M. Gaini, and L. Dalpra (2005)
Neurology 64, 1238-1244
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The apolipoprotein CI content of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently predicts early atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged men.
A. Hamsten, A. Silveira, S. Boquist, R. Tang, M. G. Bond, U. de Faire, and J. Bjorkegren (2005)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 45, 1013-1017
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Astrocytes produce and secrete FGF-1, which promotes the production of apoE-HDL in a manner of autocrine action.
J.-i. Ito, Y. Nagayasu, R. Lu, A. Kheirollah, M. Hayashi, and S. Yokoyama (2005)
J. Lipid Res. 46, 679-686
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Human Apolipoprotein E4 Alters the Amyloid-{beta} 40:42 Ratio and Promotes the Formation of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in an Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Model.
J. D. Fryer, K. Simmons, M. Parsadanian, K. R. Bales, S. M. Paul, P. M. Sullivan, and D. M. Holtzman (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 2803-2810
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Two-step Mechanism of Binding of Apolipoprotein E to Heparin: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE KINETICS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E-HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN COMPLEX FORMATION ON CELL SURFACES.
M. Futamura, P. Dhanasekaran, T. Handa, M. C. Phillips, S. Lund-Katz, and H. Saito (2005)
J. Biol. Chem. 280, 5414-5422
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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection via the Bloodstream with Apolipoprotein E Dependence in the Gonads Is Influenced by Gender.
J. S. Burgos, C. Ramirez, I. Sastre, J. M. Alfaro, and F. Valdivieso (2005)
J. Virol. 79, 1605-1612
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Apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis: Beyond Lipid Effect.
J. Davignon (2005)
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25, 267-269
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Functional interaction between APOE4 and LDL receptor isoforms in Alzheimer's disease.
D Cheng, R Huang, I S Lanham, H M Cathcart, M Howard, E H Corder, and S E Poduslo (2005)
J. Med. Genet. 42, 129-131
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



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