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Science 15 April 1988:
Vol. 240. no. 4850, pp. 327 - 330
DOI: 10.1126/science.3353727
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Articles

Science, Vol 240, Issue 4850, 327-330
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome

DB Lubahn, DR Joseph, PM Sullivan, HF Willard, FS French, and EM Wilson

Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the actions of male sex steroids. Human AR genomic DNA was cloned from a flow-sorted human X chromosome library by using a consensus nucleotide sequence from the DNA-binding domain of the family of nuclear receptors. The AR gene was localized on the human X chromosome between the centromere and q13. Cloned complementary DNA, selected with an AR-specific oligonucleotide probe, was expressed in monkey kidney (COS) cells and yielded a high-affinity androgen-binding protein with steroid-binding specificity corresponding to that of native AR. A predominant messenger RNA species of 9.6 kilobases was identified in human, rat, and mouse tissues known to contain AR and was undetectable in tissues lacking AR androgen-binding activity, including kidney and liver from androgen-insensitive mice. The deduced amino acid sequence of AR within the DNA-binding domain has highest sequence identity with the progesterone receptor.


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Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6, 861-866
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Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6, 207-214
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Phenotypic Features, Androgen Receptor Binding, and Mutational Analysis in 278 Clinical Cases Reported as Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 658-665
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Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT-1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1) Is a Nuclear Receptor Coregulator Expressed in Human Testis.
J.-a. Tan, S. H. Hall, K. G. Hamil, G. Grossman, P. Petrusz, J. Liao, K. Shuai, and F. S. French (2000)
Mol. Endocrinol. 14, 14-26
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Androgen receptor gene mutations in 46,XY females with germ cell tumours.
C.-P. Chen, S.-R. Chern, T.-Y. Wang, W. Wang, K.-L. Wang, and C.-J. Jeng (1999)
Hum. Reprod. 14, 664-670
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Protein-Protein Interaction Domains and the Heterodimerization of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Variant {alpha}2 with Retinoid X Receptors.
Y. Wu, Y.-Z. Yang, and R. J. Koenig (1998)
Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 1542-1550
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Functional Activities of the A and B Forms of the Human Androgen Receptor in Response to Androgen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists.
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Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 654-663
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Clonal Origin of Toxic Thyroid Nodules with Constitutively Activating Thyrotropin Receptor Mutations.
K. Krohn, D. Führer, H.-P. Holzapfel, and R. Paschke (1998)
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83, 130-134
   Abstract »    Full Text »
1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Actions in LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cells Are Androgen-Dependent.
X.-Y. Zhao, L. H. Ly, D. M. Peehl, and D. Feldman (1997)
Endocrinology 138, 3290-3298
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cloning and characterization of TDD5, an androgen target gene that is differentially repressed by testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
T.-M. Lin and C. Chang (1997)
PNAS 94, 4988-4993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dehydroepiandrosterone Activates Mutant Androgen Receptors Expressed in the Androgen-Dependent Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft CWR22 and LNCaP Cells.
J.-a. Tan, Y. Sharief, K. G. Hamil, C. W. Gregory, D.-Y. Zang, M. Sar, P. H. Gumerlock, R. W. deVere White, T. G. Pretlow, S. E. Harris, et al. (1997)
Mol. Endocrinol. 11, 450-459
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The Androgen Receptor Is Transcriptionally Suppressed by Proteins That Bind Single-stranded DNA.
M. E. Grossmann and D. J. Tindall (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 10968-10975
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular basis of mammalian sexual determination: activation of Mullerian inhibiting substance gene expression by SRY.
C. Haqq, C. King, E Ukiyama, S Falsafi, T. Haqq, P. Donahoe, and M. Weiss (1994)
Science 266, 1494-1500
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Myotonic Dystrophy Gene.
A. Pizzuti, D. L. Friedman, and C. T. Caskey (1993)
Arch Neurol 50, 1173-1179
   Abstract »    PDF »
Recovery from hemophilia B Leyden: an androgen-responsive element in the factor IX promoter.
M Crossley, M Ludwig, K. Stowell, P De Vos, K Olek, and G. Brownlee (1992)
Science 257, 377-379
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X-Linked Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Kennedy's Syndrome) A Kindred With Hypobetalipoproteinemia.
C. L. Warner, S. Servidei, D. J. Lange, E. Miller, R. E. Lovelace, and L. P. Rowland (1990)
Arch Neurol 47, 1117-1120
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Expression of beta-nerve growth factor receptor mRNA in Sertoli cells downregulated by testosterone.
H Persson, C Ayer-Le Lievre, O Soder, M. Villar, M Metsis, L Olson, M Ritzen, and T Hokfelt (1990)
Science 247, 704-707
   Abstract »    PDF »
Antagonism between PTEN/MMAC1/TEP-1 and Androgen Receptor in Growth and Apoptosis of Prostatic Cancer Cells.
P. Li, S. V. Nicosia, and W. Bai (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 20444-20450
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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel (Na+,K+)/H+ Exchanger Localized to the trans-Golgi Network.
M. Numata and J. Orlowski (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 17387-17394
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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