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Science 20 November 1987:
Vol. 238. no. 4830, pp. 1065 - 1072
DOI: 10.1126/science.3317823
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Articles

Science, Vol 238, Issue 4830, 1065-1072
Copyright © 1987 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Immunity to schistosomes: progress toward vaccine

A Capron, JP Dessaint, M Capron, JH Ouma, and AE Butterworth

Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unite Mixte INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France.

Among the major parasitic infections, schistosomiasis may be the most promising candidate for human vaccination. Information about mechanisms of immunity, gained mainly from experimental models but likely to be relevant to human infection, indicates a dynamic balance between protective and regulatory (blocking) mechanisms. Besides cell-mediated responses leading to macrophage activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity systems involving precise antibody isotypes and nonlymphoid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, eosinophils, and platelets) appear to be essential effectors of immune attack. The slow development of immunity in humans seems related to the production of antibodies that cross-react with schistosomulum surface antigen and block the binding of antibodies of the effector isotype. Schistosomes that survive in the bloodstream and produce chronic infections may evade the immune system as a result of intrinsic changes in membrane susceptibility and of transient expression of target antigens; at other stages of the parasite life cycle, cross-reactive molecules may be secreted that play an essential role in the induction of immunity. Several schistosome proteins have been characterized as candidates for vaccination. Among these, an antigen of 28 kilodaltons has been cloned and shown to be immunogenic in humans and protective in mice, rats, and baboons.


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IgE Enhances Parasite Clearance and Regulates Mast Cell Responses in Mice Infected with Trichinella spiralis.
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Concurrent infection with Schistosoma mansoni attenuates inflammation induced changes in colonic morphology, cytokine levels, and smooth muscle contractility of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in rats.
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Ascaris suum, an Intestinal Parasite, Produces Morphine.
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Human Immune Responses to Schistosoma mansoni Vaccine Candidate Antigens.
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Diversity of Antibody-Mediated Immunity at the Mucosal Barrier.
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Role of Adult Worm Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin E in Acquired Immunity to Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Baboons.
M. Nyindo, T. M. Kariuki, P. W. Mola, I. O. Farah, L. Elson, R. E. Blanton, and C. L. King (1999)
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Parasitic protozoa and helminths: biological and immunological challenges.
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Drugs Five Years Later: Praziquantel.
C. H. King and A. A. F. Mahmoud (1989)
Ann Intern Med 110, 290-296
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