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Science 23 October 1987:
Vol. 238. no. 4826, pp. 519 - 521
DOI: 10.1126/science.2821620
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Articles

Science, Vol 238, Issue 4826, 519-521
Copyright © 1987 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Release of multiple hormones by a direct action of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells

EW Bernton, JE Beach, JW Holaday, RC Smallridge, and HG Fein

Division of Neuropsychiatry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307-5100.

Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has long been known to stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; administration of endotoxin was at one time a common clinical test of anterior pituitary function. Endotoxin is a potent stimulus for production of the endogenous pyrogenic protein, interleukin-1 (IL-1), by macrophages and monocytes. The possibility that IL-1 has a direct effect on the secretion of hormones by rat pituitary cells in a monolayer culture was investigated. Recombinant human IL-1 beta stimulated the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Increased hormone secretion into culture supernatants was found with IL-1 concentrations ranging from 10(-9) M to 10(-12) M. Prolactin secretion by the monolayers was inhibited by similar doses. These concentrations of IL-1 are within the range reported for IL-1 in serum, suggesting that IL-1 generated peripherally by mononuclear immune cells may act directly on anterior pituitary cells to modulate hormone secretion in vivo. Incubation of IL-1 solutions with antibody to IL-1 neutralized these actions. These pituitary effects of IL-1 suggest that this monokine may be an important regulator of the metabolic adaptations to infectious stressors.


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