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Science 11 September 1987:
Vol. 237. no. 4820, pp. 1351 - 1355
DOI: 10.1126/science.3629244

Articles

Science, Vol 237, Issue 4820, 1351-1355
Copyright © 1987 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

M Kowalski, J Potz, L Basiripour, T Dorfman, WC Goh, E Terwilliger, A Dayton, C Rosen, W Haseltine, and J Sodroski

The envelope of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays a central role in the process of virus entry into the host cell and in the cytopathicity of the virus for lymphocytes bearing the CD4 molecule. Mutations that affect the ability of the envelope glycoprotein to form syncytia in CD4+ cells can be divided into five groups: those that decrease the binding of the envelope protein to the CD4 molecule, those that prevent a post-binding fusion reaction, those that disrupt the anchorage of the envelope glycoprotein in the membrane, those that affect the association of the two subunits of the envelope glycoprotein, and those that affect post-translational proteolytic processing of the envelope precursor protein. These findings provide a functional model of the HIV envelope glycoprotein.


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J. Biol. Chem. 279, 48224-48230
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Resistance to enfuvirtide, the first HIV fusion inhibitor.
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J. Virol. 77, 12552-12561
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Novel Therapies Based on Mechanisms of HIV-1 Cell Entry.
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Effect of Soluble CD4 on Exposure of Epitopes on Primary, Intact, Native Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions of Different Genetic Clades.
H. A. Mbah, S. Burda, M. K. Gorny, C. Williams, K. Revesz, S. Zolla-Pazner, and P. N. Nyambi (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 7785-7788
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Mutational Analysis of Conserved Domains within the Cytoplasmic Tail of gp41 from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Effects on Glycoprotein Incorporation and Infectivity.
S. C. Piller, J. W. Dubay, C. A. Derdeyn, and E. Hunter (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 11717-11723
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recognition by Human Monoclonal Antibodies of Free and Complexed Peptides Representing the Prefusogenic and Fusogenic Forms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41.
M. K. Gorny and S. Zolla-Pazner (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 6186-6192
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Characterization of Stable, Soluble Trimers Containing Complete Ectodomains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins.
X. Yang, M. Farzan, R. Wyatt, and J. Sodroski (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 5716-5725
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Modifications That Stabilize Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers in Solution.
X. Yang, L. Florin, M. Farzan, P. Kolchinsky, P. D. Kwong, J. Sodroski, and R. Wyatt (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 4746-4754
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B. Etemad-Moghadam, Y. Sun, E. K. Nicholson, M. Fernandes, K. Liou, R. Gomila, J. Lee, and J. Sodroski (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 4433-4440
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The SU and TM Envelope Protein Subunits of Bovine Leukemia Virus Are Linked by Disulfide Bonds, both in Cells and in Virions.
E. R. Johnston and K. Radke (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 2930-2935
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Characterization of the Sequence of Interactions of the Fusion Domain of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with Membranes. ROLE OF THE MEMBRANE DIPOLE POTENTIAL.
J. Cladera, I. Martin, J.-M. Ruysschaert, and P. O'Shea (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29951-29959
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trans-Dominant Interference with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and Transmission in CD4+ Cells by an Envelope Double Mutant.
S. S.-L. Chen, S.-F. Lee, C.-K. Chuang, and V. S. Raj (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 8290-8302
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Determinants of Neutralization Resistance in the Envelope Glycoproteins of a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Passaged In Vivo.
B. Etemad-Moghadam, Y. Sun, E. K. Nicholson, G. B. Karlsson, D. Schenten, and J. Sodroski (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 8873-8879
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cross-Subtype Neutralizing Antibodies Induced in Baboons by a Subtype E gp120 Immunogen Based on an R5 Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope.
T. C. VanCott, J. R. Mascola, L. D. Loomis-Price, F. Sinangil, N. Zitomersky, J. McNeil, M. L. Robb, D. L. Birx, and S. Barnett (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 4640-4650
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T20/DP178, an Ectodomain Peptide of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41, Is an Activator of Human Phagocyte N-Formyl Peptide Receptor.
S. B. Su, W.-h. Gong, J.-L. Gao, W.-P. Shen, M. C. Grimm, X. Deng, P. M. Murphy, J. J. Oppenheim, and J. M. Wang (1999)
Blood 93, 3885-3892
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
T21/DP107, A Synthetic Leucine Zipper-Like Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp41, Attracts and Activates Human Phagocytes by Using G-Protein-Coupled Formyl Peptide Receptors.
S. B. Su, J.-l. Gao, W.-h. Gong, N. M. Dunlop, P. M. Murphy, J. J. Oppenheim, and J. M. Wang (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 5924-5930
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Complete Sequence of Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus, a Retrovirus Associated with Transmissible Intranasal Tumors of Sheep.
C. Cousens, E. Minguijon, R. G. Dalziel, A. Ortin, M. Garcia, J. Park, L. Gonzalez, J. M. Sharp, and M. de las Heras (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 3986-3993
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biophysical Characterization of the Structure of the Amino-terminal Region of gp41 of HIV-1. IMPLICATIONS ON VIRAL FUSION MECHANISM.
D.-K. Chang, S.-F. Cheng, and V. D. Trivedi (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5299-5309
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The YXXL Sequences of a Transmembrane Protein of Bovine Leukemia Virus Are Required for Viral Entry and Incorporation of Viral Envelope Protein into Virions.
K. Inabe, M. Nishizawa, S. Tajima, K. Ikuta, and Y. Aida (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 1293-1301
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HIV-induced T-cell syncytia release a two component T-helper cell chemoattractant composed of Nef and Tat.
D. Shutt and D. Soll (1999)
J. Cell Sci. 112, 3931-3941
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Epitopes Recognized by Neutralizing Antibodies from Infected Monkeys.
B. Etemad-Moghadam, G. B. Karlsson, M. Halloran, Y. Sun, D. Schenten, M. Fernandes, N. L. Letvin, and J. Sodroski (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8437-8445
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of an Erythrocyte Binding Peptide from the Erythrocyte Binding Antigen, EBA-175, Which Blocks Parasite Multiplication and Induces Peptide-Blocking Antibodies.
P. H. Jakobsen, P. M. H. Heegaard, C. Koch, K. Wasniowska, M. M. Lemnge, J. B. Jensen, and B. K. L. Sim (1998)
Infect. Immun. 66, 4203-4207
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dissociation of the CD4 and CXCR4 Binding Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 by Deletion of the First Putative Alpha-Helical Conserved Structure.
D. Misse, M. Cerutti, I. Schmidt, A. Jansen, G. Devauchelle, F. Jansen, and F. Veas (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7280-7288
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stabilization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers by Disulfide Bonds Introduced into the gp41 Glycoprotein Ectodomain.
M. Farzan, H. Choe, E. Desjardins, Y. Sun, J. Kuhn, J. Cao, D. Archambault, P. Kolchinsky, M. Koch, R. Wyatt, et al. (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7620-7625
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Determinants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Activation by Soluble CD4 and Monoclonal Antibodies.
N. Sullivan, Y. Sun, J. Binley, J. Lee, C. F. Barbas III, P. W. H. I. Parren, D. R. Burton, and J. Sodroski (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6332-6338
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of the Extracellular Domain of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein and Its Fusion with beta -Galactosidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
W.-F. Liu, D. Gao, and Z.-N. Wang (1998)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 5, 592-594
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Domains in the Retroviral Transmembrane Protein.
Y. Zhao, L. Zhu, C. A. Benedict, D. Chen, W. F. Anderson, and P. M. Cannon (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 5392-5398
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A synthetic all D-amino acid peptide corresponding to the N-terminal sequence of HIV-1 gp41 recognizes the wild-type fusion peptide in the membrane and inhibits HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion.
M. Pritsker, P. Jones, R. Blumenthal, and Y. Shai (1998)
PNAS 95, 7287-7292
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins: Fusogens, Antigens, and Immunogens.
R. Wyatt and J. Sodroski (1998)
Science 280, 1884-1888
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Mutation-Directed Chemical Cross-Linking of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Oligomers.
T. L. McInerney, W. El Ahmar, B. E. Kemp, and P. Poumbourios (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1523-1533
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Analysis of the Fusion Peptide of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Transmembrane Protein p15E.
N.-L. Zhu, P. M. Cannon, D. Chen, and W. F. Anderson (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1632-1639
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Use of Murine CXCR-4 as a Second Receptor by Some T-Cell-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Viruses.
C. Parolin, A. Borsetti, H. Choe, M. Farzan, P. Kolchinsky, M. Heesen, Q. Ma, C. Gerard, G. Palu, M. E. Dorf, et al. (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 1652-1656
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Dilation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Fusion Pore Revealed by the Inhibitory Action of a Synthetic Peptide from gp41.
I. Munoz-Barroso, S. Durell, K. Sakaguchi, E. Appella, and R. Blumenthal (1998)
J. Cell Biol. 140, 315-323
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of a CD36-related Thrombospondin 1-binding Domain in HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp120: Relationship to HIV-1-specific Inhibitory Factors in Human Saliva.
R. Crombie, R. L. Silverstein, C. MacLow, S. F. A. Pearce, R. L. Nachman, and J. Laurence (1998)
J. Exp. Med. 187, 25-35
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T cell syncytia induced by HIV release. T cell chemoattractants: demonstration with a newly developed single cell chemotaxis chamber.
D. Shutt, L. Jenkins, E. Carolan, J Stapleton, K. Daniels, R. Kennedy, and D. Soll (1998)
J. Cell Sci. 111, 99-109
   Abstract »    PDF »
CD4-Independent Binding of SIV gp120 to Rhesus CCR5.
K. A. Martin, R. Wyatt, M. Farzan, H. Choe, L. Marcon, E. Desjardins, J. Robinson, J. Sodroski, C. Gerard, and N. P. Gerard (1997)
Science 278, 1470-1473
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Two Orphan Seven-Transmembrane Segment Receptors Which Are Expressed in CD4-positive Cells Support Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
M. Farzan, H. Choe, K. Martin, L. Marcon, W. Hofmann, G. Karlsson, Y. Sun, P. Barrett, N. Marchand, N. Sullivan, et al. (1997)
J. Exp. Med. 186, 405-411
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Assembly of a rod-shaped chimera of a trimeric GCN4 zipper and the HIV-1 gp41 ectodomain expressed in Escherichia coli.
W. Weissenhorn, L. J. Calder, A. Dessen, T. Laue, J. J. Skehel, and D. C. Wiley (1997)
PNAS 94, 6065-6069
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of the Paired Basic Convertases Implicated in HIV gp160 Processing Based on in Vitro Assays and Expression in CD4+ Cell Lines.
E. Decroly, S. Wouters, C. Di Bello, C. Lazure, J.-M. Ruysschaert, and N. G. Seidah (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 30442-30450
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A Synthetic Conformational Epitope from the C4 Domain of HIV Gp120 That Binds CD4.
F. A. Robey, T. Harris-Kelson, M. Robert-Guroff, B. Ivanov, M. S. Lewis, and P. P. Roller (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 17990-17995
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The Role of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins in Virus Infection.
E. O. Freed and M. A. Martin (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23883-23886
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A Helical Epitope in the C4 Domain of HIV Glycoprotein 120.
F. A. Robey, T. Kelson-Harris, P. P. Roller, and M. Robert-Guroff (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 23918-23921
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Biochemical and Genetic Definition of the Cellular Protease Required for HIV-1 gp160 Processing.
A. Franzusoff, A. M. Volpe, D. Josse, S. Pichuantes, and J. R. Wolf (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 3154-3159
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Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide.
J. Harouse, S Bhat, S. Spitalnik, M Laughlin, K Stefano, D. Silberberg, and F Gonzalez-Scarano (1991)
Science 253, 320-323
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Dissociation of gp120 from HIV-1 virions induced by soluble CD4.
J. Moore, J. McKeating, R. Weiss, and Q. Sattentau (1990)
Science 250, 1139-1142
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Functional analysis of CAR, the target sequence for the Rev protein of HIV-1.
E. Dayton, D. Powell, and A. Dayton (1989)
Science 246, 1625-1629
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Involvement of a leukocyte adhesion receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-induced syncytium formation.
J. Hildreth and R. Orentas (1989)
Science 244, 1075-1078
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Prospects for Prevention of and Early Intervention Against HIV.
D. P. Bolognesi (1989)
JAMA 261, 3007-3013
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Identification of the fusion peptide of primate immunodeficiency viruses.
M. Bosch, P. Earl, K Fargnoli, S Picciafuoco, F Giombini, F Wong-Staal, and G Franchini (1989)
Science 244, 694-697
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Development and Evaluation of a Vaccine for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.
A. S. Fauci, R. C. Gallo, S. Koenig, J. Salk, and R. H. Purcell (1989)
Ann Intern Med 110, 373-385
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Synthetic CD4 peptide derivatives that inhibit HIV infection and cytopathicity.
J. Lifson, K. Hwang, P. Nara, B Fraser, M Padgett, N. Dunlop, and L. Eiden (1988)
Science 241, 712-716
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Location and chemical synthesis of a binding site for HIV-1 on the CD4 protein.
B. Jameson, P. Rao, L. Kong, B. Hahn, G. Shaw, L. Hood, and S. Kent (1988)
Science 240, 1335-1339
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Dextran sulfate suppression of viruses in the HIV family: inhibition of virion binding to CD4+ cells.
H Mitsuya, D. Looney, S Kuno, R Ueno, F Wong-Staal, and S Broder (1988)
Science 240, 646-649
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Second conserved domain of gp120 is important for HIV infectivity and antibody neutralization.
D. Ho, J. Kaplan, I. Rackauskas, and M. Gurney (1988)
Science 239, 1021-1023
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Multimerization Potential of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmembrane Glycoprotein gp41.
S.-F. Lee, C.-T. Wang, J. Y.-P. Liang, S.-L. Hong, C.-C. Huang, and S. S.-L. Chen (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 15809-15819
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mode of Action of an Antiviral Peptide from HIV-1. INHIBITION AT A POST-LIPID MIXING STAGE.
Y. Kliger, S. A. Gallo, S. G. Peisajovich, I. Munoz-Barroso, S. Avkin, R. Blumenthal, and Y. Shai (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 1391-1397
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Early Intermediates in HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein-mediated Fusion Triggered by CD4 and Co-receptor Complexes.
A. S. Dimitrov, X. Xiao, D. S. Dimitrov, and R. Blumenthal (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 30335-30341
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