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Science 24 April 1987: Vol. 236. no. 4800, pp. 410 - 416 DOI: 10.1126/science.2882604
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Articles
Science, Vol 236, Issue 4800, 410-416
Copyright © 1987 by American Association for the Advancement of Science
Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism
CR Cloninger
Clinical, genetic, and neuropsychopharmacological studies of developmental factors in alcoholism are providing a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of personality and learning. Studies of the adopted-away children of alcoholics show that the predisposition to initiate alcohol-seeking behavior is genetically different from susceptibility to loss of control after drinking begins. Alcohol-seeking behavior is a special case of exploratory appetitive behavior and involves different neurogenetic processes than do susceptibility to behavioral tolerance and dependence on the antianxiety or sedative effects of alcohol. Three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli. These personality traits distinguish alcoholics with different patterns of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacological responses to alcohol.
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- Genetic Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: The D2 Dopamine Receptor Taq I B1 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Appears More Frequently in Polysubstance Abusers.
- S. S. Smith, B. F. O'Hara, A. M. Persico, D. A. Gorelick, D. B. Newlin, D. Vlahov, L. Solomon, R. Pickens, and G. R. Uhl (1992)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
49, 723-727
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- The Definition of Alcoholism.
- R. M. Morse and D. K. Flavin (1992)
JAMA
268, 1012-1014
| Abstract »
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- Types of Alcoholics, I: Evidence for an Empirically Derived Typology Based on Indicators of Vulnerability and Severity.
- T. F. Babor, M. Hofmann, F. K. DelBoca, V. Hesselbrock, R. E. Meyer, Z. S. Dolinsky, and B. Rounsaville (1992)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
49, 599-608
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- Types of Alcoholics, II: Application of an Empirically Derived Typology to Treatment Matching.
- M. D. Litt, T. F. Babor, F. K. DelBoca, R. M. Kadden, and N. L. Cooney (1992)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
49, 609-614
| Abstract »
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- Current Excitement With D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Alleles in Substance Abuse.
- G. R. Uhl, A. M. Persico, and S. S. Smith (1992)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
49, 157-160
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- Nicotine Dependence, Major Depression, and Anxiety in Young Adults.
- N. Breslau, M. M. Kilbey, and P. Andreski (1991)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
48, 1069-1074
| Abstract »
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- NO Association Between an Allele at the D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD2) and Alcoholism.
- J. Gelernter, S. O'Malley, N. Risch, H. R. Kranzler, J. Krystal, K. Merikangas, J. L. Kennedy, and K. K. Kidd (1991)
JAMA
266, 1801-1807
| Abstract »
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- D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene Is Associated but Not Linked With Alcoholism.
- C. R. Cloninger (1991)
JAMA
266, 1833-1834
| Abstract »
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- Alcoholism and Alleles of the Human D2 Dopamine Receptor Locus: Studies of Association and Linkage.
- A. Parsian, R. D. Todd, E. J. Devor, K. L. O'Malley, B. K. Suarez, T. Reich, and C. R. Cloninger (1991)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
48, 655-663
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- Mental Disorders Among Alcoholics: Relationship to Age of Onset and Cerebrospinal Fluid Neuropeptides.
- A. Roy, J. DeJong, D. Lamparski, B. Adinoff, T. George, V. Moore, D. Garnett, M. Kerich, and M. Linnoila (1991)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
48, 423-427
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- Personality and Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoamine Metabolites in Alcoholics and Controls.
- R. Limson, D. Goldman, A. Roy, D. Lamparski, B. Ravitz, B. Adinoff, and M. Linnoila (1991)
Arch Gen Psychiatry
48, 437-441
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- Screening for Alcoholism by Life-style Risk Assessment in a Community Hospital.
- A. W. Graham (1991)
Arch Intern Med
151, 958-964
| Abstract »
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- Identifying genes determining trait differences in behavior and drug response: a comment on 'Quantitative trait loci and psychopharmacology'.
- D. Goldman and M. R. Filling-Katz (1991)
J Psychopharmacol
5, 11-17
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- Alcohol and the Heart: The Long-term Effects of Alcohol on the Cardiovascular System.
- B. Moushmoush and P. Abi-Mansour (1991)
Arch Intern Med
151, 36-42
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