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Science 27 March 1987:
Vol. 235. no. 4796, pp. 1659 - 1662
DOI: 10.1126/science.235.4796.1659
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Articles

Signaling for Growth Orientation and Cell Differentiation by Surface Topography in Uromyces

HARVEY C. HOCH 1, RICHARD C. STAPLES 2, BRIAN WHITEHEAD 3, JERRY COMEAU 3, and EDWARD D. WOLF 3

1 Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Comell University, Geneva, NY 14456.
2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
3 National Research and Resource Facility for Submicron Structures, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

The dimensions of the topographical signals for growth orientation and infection structure formation, a cell differentiation event that includes nuclear division, were determined for the stomatal penetrating rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus. The differentiation signal was found to be a simple ridge on the substrate surface that had a markedly optimum height of 0.5 micrometer. Such ridges were microfabricated on silicon wafers by using electron-beam lithography. A similar ridge, in the form of a stomatal lip, was found associated with the stomatal guard cells of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf. Ridge elevations greater than 1.0 micrometer or less than 0.25 micrometer did not serve as effective signals. Germ tubes of the fungus were highly oriented by ridge spacings of 0.5 to 6.7 micrometers. The data indicate that the fungus is able to distinguish uniquely minute differences in leaf surface topography in order to infect the host plant.

Submitted on November 7, 1986
Accepted on February 10, 1987


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