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Science 12 December 1986:
Vol. 234. no. 4782, pp. 1398 - 1401
DOI: 10.1126/science.3491425
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Articles

Science, Vol 234, Issue 4782, 1398-1401
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

The nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus is both a T-cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen

DR Milich and A McLachlan

One characteristic of the immune response during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is the vigorous production and subsequent persistence of antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes M and G to the nucleocapsid antigen (HBcAg). In this study HBcAg was shown to be similarly immunogenic in mice. When injected into athymic (nude) B10.BR and athymic BALB/c mice, HBcAg induced IgM and IgG class antibodies to HBc in spite of the absence of T cells in nude mice. In euthymic mice, HBcAg efficiently stimulated T-cell proliferation in vitro and helper T-cell function in vivo. The dual functions of HBcAg as a T-cell-independent and a T-cell-dependent antigen may explain its enhanced immunogenicity. Denaturation of HBcAg yields a nonparticulate antigen designated HBeAg; when HBeAg was used as the immunogen, antibody production required helper T-cell function. Although HBcAg and HBeAg are serologically distinct, they are structurally related, and in these experiments were highly cross-reactive at the T-cell level. These results suggest that the elevated levels of IgM antibodies to HBc and the enhanced immunogenicity of HBcAg during HBV infection in humans reflect the ability of HBcAg to directly activate B cells to produce antibodies to HBc in the presence or absence of HBcAg- or HBeAg-sensitized T cells.


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T cell-independent type I antibody response against B cell epitopes expressed repetitively on recombinant virus particles.
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Role of B cells in antigen presentation of the hepatitis B core.
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