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Science 17 October 1986:
Vol. 234. no. 4774, pp. 364 - 368
DOI: 10.1126/science.2876518

Articles

Science, Vol 234, Issue 4774, 364-368
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: the PEST hypothesis

S Rogers, R Wells, and M Rechsteiner

The amino acid sequences of ten proteins with intracellular half-lives less than 2 hours contain one or more regions rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T). These PEST regions are generally, but not always, flanked by clusters containing several positively charged amino acids. Similar inspection of 35 proteins with intracellular half-lives between 20 and 220 hours revealed that only three contain a PEST region. On the basis of this information, it was anticipated that caseins, which contain several PEST sequences, would be rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells. This expectation was confirmed by red blood cell-mediated microinjection of 125I-labeled caseins into HeLa cells where they exhibited half-lives of less than 2 hours. The rapid degradation of injected alpha- and beta-casein as well as the inverse correlation of PEST regions with intracellular stability indicate that the presence of these regions can result in the rapid intracellular degradation of the proteins containing them.


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S. Tarayre, J. M. Vinardell, A. Cebolla, A. Kondorosi, and E. Kondorosi (2004)
PLANT CELL 16, 422-434
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Eight-Membered Ring Cystine Knot-Containing Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonists.
O. Avsian-Kretchmer and A. J. W. Hsueh (2004)
Mol. Endocrinol. 18, 1-12
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Renal expression and activity of the germinal center kinase SK2.
A. V. Cybulsky, T. Takano, J. Papillon, A. Khadir, K. Bijian, C.-C. Chien, C. E. Alpers, and H. Rabb (2004)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286, F16-F25
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Co-repressor Hairless Protects ROR{alpha} Orphan Nuclear Receptor from Proteasome-mediated Degradation.
A. N. Moraitis and V. Giguere (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52511-52518
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An Unusual Peptide Deformylase Features in the Human Mitochondrial N-terminal Methionine Excision Pathway.
A. Serero, C. Giglione, A. Sardini, J. Martinez-Sanz, and T. Meinnel (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 52953-52963
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphorylation influences the translation state of FMRP-associated polyribosomes.
S. Ceman, W. T. O'Donnell, M. Reed, S. Patton, J. Pohl, and S. T. Warren (2003)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 3295-3305
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Chitin metabolism in insects: structure, function and regulation of chitin synthases and chitinases.
H. Merzendorfer and L. Zimoch (2003)
J. Exp. Biol. 206, 4393-4412
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nramp1-mediated Innate Resistance to Intraphagosomal Pathogens Is Regulated by IRF-8, PU.1, and Miz-1.
M. Alter-Koltunoff, S. Ehrlich, N. Dror, A. Azriel, M. Eilers, H. Hauser, H. Bowen, C. H. Barton, T. Tamura, K. Ozato, et al. (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 44025-44032
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Pyk2/Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase-associated Protein That Inhibits {alpha}-Synuclein Phosphorylation.
T. Takahashi, H. Yamashita, Y. Nagano, T. Nakamura, H. Ohmori, H. Avraham, S. Avraham, M. Yasuda, and M. Matsumoto (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 42225-42233
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A case-control study of cyclin D1 CCND1 870A->G polymorphism and bladder cancer.
V. K. Cortessis, K. Siegmund, S. Xue, R. K. Ross, and M. C. Yu (2003)
Carcinogenesis 24, 1645-1650
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification and Characterization of a Xenopus Homolog of Dbf4, a Regulatory Subunit of the Cdc7 Protein Kinase Required for the Initiation of DNA Replication.
A. Furukohri, N. Sato, H. Masai, K.-i. Arai, A. Sugino, and S. Waga (2003)
J. Biochem. 134, 447-457
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Identification of Small PDZK1-associated Protein, DD96/MAP17, as a Regulator of PDZK1 and Plasma High Density Lipoprotein Levels.
D. L. Silver, N. Wang, and S. Vogel (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 28528-28532
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The proapoptotic factor Nix is coexpressed with Bcl-xL during terminal erythroid differentiation.
W. Aerbajinai, M. Giattina, Y. T. Lee, M. Raffeld, and J. L. Miller (2003)
Blood 102, 712-717
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Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Mediates Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Human Bladder Cancer through the Regulation of Interleukin-8.
T. Karashima, P. Sweeney, A. Kamat, S. Huang, S. J. Kim, M. Bar-Eli, D. J. McConkey, and C. P. N. Dinney (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 2786-2797
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Radiation-induced deletions in the 5' end region of Notch1 lead to the formation of truncated proteins and are involved in the development of mouse thymic lymphomas.
H. Tsuji, H. Ishii-Ohba, H. Ukai, T. Katsube, and T. Ogiu (2003)
Carcinogenesis 24, 1257-1268
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Glutamate Receptor Subunit 3 Is Modified by Site-specific Limited Proteolysis Including Cleavage by {gamma}-Secretase.
E. L. Meyer, N. Strutz, L. C. Gahring, and S. W. Rogers (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 23786-23796
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A tyrosine-based sorting signal is involved in connexin43 stability and gap junction turnover.
M. A. Thomas, N. Zosso, I. Scerri, N. Demaurex, M. Chanson, and O. Staub (2003)
J. Cell Sci. 116, 2213-2222
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UNC5H1 Induces Apoptosis via Its Juxtamembrane Region through an Interaction with NRAGE.
M. E. Williams, P. Strickland, K. Watanabe, and L. Hinck (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 17483-17490
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