Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 10 October 1986:
Vol. 234. no. 4773, pp. 203 - 205
DOI: 10.1126/science.3529396
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 234, Issue 4773, 203-205
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Detoxification of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) by a human neutrophil enzyme

RS Munford and CL Hall

Lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria elicit toxic as well as potentially beneficial inflammatory responses in animals. It is now reported that tissue toxicity caused by lipopolysaccharides is preferentially reduced by an enzymatic activity in human neutrophils. Acyloxyacyl hydrolysis removes fatty acyl chains that are linked to the hydroxyl groups of 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl residues in the bioactive lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharides. Maximal acyloxyacyl hydrolysis reduced lipopolysaccharide tissue toxicity, as measured in the dermal Shwartzman reaction, by a factor of 100 or more. In contrast, the ability of the deacylated lipopolysaccharides to stimulate B lymphocytes to divide was decreased only by a factor of 12. It is suggested that during tissue invasion by Gram-negative bacteria acyloxyacyl hydrolysis may be a defense mechanism that reduces the toxicity of lipopolysaccharides while preserving some of their potentially beneficial inflammatory and immune stimuli.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Mediates Vascular Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity.
F. Kim, M. Pham, I. Luttrell, D. D. Bannerman, J. Tupper, J. Thaler, T. R. Hawn, E. W. Raines, and M. W. Schwartz (2007)
Circ. Res. 100, 1589-1596
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Endotoxin-binding Proteins Modulate the Susceptibility of Bacterial Endotoxin to Deacylation by Acyloxyacyl Hydrolase.
T. L. Gioannini, A. Teghanemt, D. Zhang, P. Prohinar, E. N. Levis, R. S. Munford, and J. P. Weiss (2007)
J. Biol. Chem. 282, 7877-7884
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fine Discrimination in the Recognition of Individual Species of Phosphatidyl-myo-Inositol Mannosides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by C-Type Lectin Pattern Recognition Receptors.
J. B. Torrelles, A. K. Azad, and L. S. Schlesinger (2006)
J. Immunol. 177, 1805-1816
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Sites of Mannose 6-Phosphorylation on Lysosomal Proteins.
D. E. Sleat, H. Zheng, M. Qian, and P. Lobel (2006)
Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5, 686-701
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reciprocally Modulate Dendritic Cell Functions Mediated through TLR4.
A. R. Weatherill, J. Y. Lee, L. Zhao, D. G. Lemay, H. S. Youn, and D. H. Hwang (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 5390-5397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Acute-Phase Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Inhibit Innate Immune Cell Activation by Different LPS Chemotypes via Different Mechanisms.
L. Hamann, C. Alexander, C. Stamme, U. Zahringer, and R. R. Schumann (2005)
Infect. Immun. 73, 193-200
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Functional and Structural Properties of MD-2 Required for Lipopolysaccharide Binding Are Absent in MD-1.
N. Tsuneyoshi, K. Fukudome, J. Kohara, R. Tomimasu, J.-F. Gauchat, H. Nakatake, and M. Kimoto (2005)
J. Immunol. 174, 340-344
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TLR4 Is the Signaling but Not the Lipopolysaccharide Uptake Receptor.
S. Dunzendorfer, H.-K. Lee, K. Soldau, and P. S. Tobias (2004)
J. Immunol. 173, 1166-1170
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Saturated Fatty Acid Activates but Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Inhibits Toll-like Receptor 2 Dimerized with Toll-like Receptor 6 or 1.
J. Y. Lee, L. Zhao, H. S. Youn, A. R. Weatherill, R. Tapping, L. Feng, W. H. Lee, K. A. Fitzgerald, and D. H. Hwang (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 16971-16979
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reciprocal Modulation of Toll-like Receptor-4 Signaling Pathways Involving MyD88 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/AKT by Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.
J. Y. Lee, J. Ye, Z. Gao, H. S. Youn, W. H. Lee, L. Zhao, N. Sizemore, and D. H. Hwang (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 37041-37051
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding Protein Inhibits Responses to Cell-bound LPS.
P. A. Thompson, P. S. Tobias, S. Viriyakosol, T. N. Kirkland, and R. L. Kitchens (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 28367-28371
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
J. Y. Lee, A. Plakidas, W. H. Lee, A. Heikkinen, P. Chanmugam, G. Bray, and D. H. Hwang (2003)
J. Lipid Res. 44, 479-486
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression Cloning and Characterization of the C28 Acyltransferase of Lipid A Biosynthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum.
S. S. Basu, M. J. Karbarz, and C. R. H. Raetz (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 28959-28971
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Modulation of the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 by fatty acids mediated through Toll-like receptor 4-derived signaling pathways.
D. HWANG (2001)
FASEB J 15, 2556-2564
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human MD-2 confers on mouse Toll-like receptor 4 species-specific lipopolysaccharide recognition.
S. Akashi, Y. Nagai, H. Ogata, M. Oikawa, K. Fukase, S. Kusumoto, K. Kawasaki, M. Nishijima, S. Hayashi, M. Kimoto, et al. (2001)
Int. Immunol. 13, 1595-1599
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Invited review: Lipopolysaccharide recognition, internalisation, signalling and other cellular effects.
S. H. Diks, S. J.H. van Deventer, and M. P. Peppelenbosch (2001)
Innate Immunity 7, 335-348
   Abstract »    PDF »
Invited review: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity.
C. Alexander and E. Th. Rietschel (2001)
Innate Immunity 7, 167-202
   Abstract »    PDF »
Structural and biological characterisation of a novel tetra-acyl lipid A from Escherichia coli F515 lipopolysaccharide acting as endotoxin antagonist in human monocytes.
U. Zahringer, R. Salvetzki, F. Wagner, B. Lindner, and A. J. Ulmer (2001)
Innate Immunity 7, 133-146
   Abstract »    PDF »
Scavenger-receptor-mediated endocytosis of lipopolysaccharide in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.).
T. Seternes, R. A. Dalmo, J. Hoffman, J. Bogwald, S. Zykova, and B. Smedsrod (2001)
J. Exp. Biol. 204, 4055-4064
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 and O:5 lipopolysaccharide arthritogenicity in hamsters.
M. S. Di Genaro, E. Munoz, C. Aguilera, and A. M. S. de Guzman (2000)
Rheumatology 39, 73-78
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Plasma Lipoproteins Promote the Release of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide from the Monocyte Cell Surface.
R. L. Kitchens, G. Wolfbauer, J. J. Albers, and R. S. Munford (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34116-34122
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Changes in Endotoxin-Binding Proteins during Major Elective Surgery: Important Role for Soluble CD14 in Regulation of Biological Activity of Systemic Endotoxin.
N. Hiki, D. Berger, M. A. Dentener, Y. Mimura, W. A. Buurman, C. Prigl, M. Seidelmann, E. Tsuji, M. Kaminishi, and H. G. Beger (1999)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 6, 844-850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transport of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide to the Golgi Apparatus.
N. Thieblemont and S. D. Wright (1999)
J. Exp. Med. 190, 523-534
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of Brucella abortus Lipopolysaccharide with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules in B Lymphocytes.
C. Forestier, E. Moreno, S. Meresse, A. Phalipon, D. Olive, P. Sansonetti, and J.-P. Gorvel (1999)
Infect. Immun. 67, 4048-4054
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Distinctive structural features are shared by human, lapine, and murine acyloxyacyl hydrolases.
J. F. Staab, S. Fosmire, Mei Zhang, A. W. Varley, and R. S. Munford (1999)
Innate Immunity 5, 205-208
   Abstract »    PDF »
Lysosomal Accumulation and Recycling of Lipopolysaccharide to the Cell Surface of Murine Macrophages, an In Vitro and In Vivo Study.
C. Forestier, E. Moreno, J. Pizarro-Cerda, and J.-P. Gorvel (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 6784-6791
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Surfactant protein A enhances the binding and deacylation of E. coli LPS by alveolar macrophages.
C. Stamme and J. R. Wright (1999)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 276, L540-L547
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Interaction of NK Lysin, a Peptide Produced by Cytolytic Lymphocytes, with Endotoxin.
M. Andersson, R. Girard, and P.-A. Cazenave (1999)
Infect. Immun. 67, 201-205
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
CD14-dependent Endotoxin Internalization via a Macropinocytic Pathway.
C. Poussin, M. Foti, J.-L. Carpentier, and J. Pugin (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20285-20291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Lipopolysaccharide and Its Analog Antagonists Display Differential Serum Factor Dependencies for Induction of Cytokine Genes in Murine Macrophages.
P.-Y. Perera, N. Qureshi, W. J. Christ, P. Stutz, and S. N. Vogel (1998)
Infect. Immun. 66, 2562-2569
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of the Gene Encoding the Escherichia coli Lipid A 4'-Kinase. FACILE PHOSPHORYLATION OF ENDOTOXIN ANALOGS WITH RECOMBINANT LpxK.
T. A. Garrett, J. L. Kadrmas, and C. R. H. Raetz (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21855-21864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inhibition of LPS-induced systemic and local TNF production by a synthetic anti-endotoxin peptide (SAEP-2).
M.T. Demitri, M. Velucchi, L. Bracci, A. Rustici, M. Porro, P. Villa, and P. Ghezzi (1996)
Innate Immunity 3, 445-454
   Abstract »    PDF »
Enzymatically Deacylated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Can Antagonize LPS at Multiple Sites in the LPS Recognition Pathway.
R. L. Kitchens and R. S. Munford (1995)
J. Biol. Chem. 270, 9904-9910
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Neutrophil Intracellular Kill Following Thermal Injury: Different Bactericidal Capability for Patients' Organisms and Laboratory Organisms.
K. T. Moran, M. M. Allo, T. J. O'Reilly, D. F. Karadsheh, and A. M. Munster (1988)
Arch Surg 123, 686-688
   Abstract »    PDF »
Oxygen Requirement for the Biosynthesis of the S-2-Hydroxymyristate Moiety in Salmonella typhimurium Lipid A. FUNCTION OF LpxO, A NEW Fe2+/alpha -KETOGLUTARATE-DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASE HOMOLOGUE.
H. S. Gibbons, S. Lin, R. J. Cotter, and C. R. H. Raetz (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 32940-32949
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Saturated Fatty Acids, but Not Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Induce the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediated through Toll-like Receptor 4.
J. Y. Lee, K. H. Sohn, S. H. Rhee, and D. Hwang (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 16683-16689
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Physical contact between lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor 4 revealed by genetic complementation.
A. Poltorak, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, S. Citterio, and B. Beutler (2000)
PNAS 97, 2163-2167
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)