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Science 3 October 1986:
Vol. 234. no. 4772, pp. 47 - 52
DOI: 10.1126/science.3529394
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Articles

Science, Vol 234, Issue 4772, 47-52
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter-specific transcription factor, Sp1

MR Briggs, JT Kadonaga, SP Bell, and R Tjian

The biochemical analysis of cellular trans-activators involved in promoter recognition provides an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of gene expression in animal cells. The promoter selective transcription factor, Sp1, has been purified from human cells to more than 95 percent homogeneity by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. Isolation and renaturation of proteins purified from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels allowed the identification of two polypeptides (105 and 95 kilodaltons) as those responsible for recognizing and interacting specifically with the GC-box promoter elements characteristic of Sp1 binding sites.


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R. J. Urban, Y. Bodenburg, A. Kurosky, T. G. Wood, and S. Gasic (2000)
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Transcriptional regulation of human {beta}-galactoside {alpha}2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) gene during differentiation of the HL-60 cell line.
A. Taniguchi, Y. Hasegawa, K. Higai, and K. Matsumoto (2000)
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K. Takahashi, Y. Sendai, Y. Matsuda, H. Hoshi, M. Hiroi, and Y. Araki (2000)
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P. Pfeffer, M Bouchard, and M Busslinger (2000)
Development 127, 1017-1028
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Separate Cis-acting DNA Elements Control Cell Type- and Tissue-specific Expression of Collagen Binding Molecular Chaperone HSP47.
H. Hirata, I. Yamamura, K. Yasuda, A. Kobayashi, N. Tada, M. Suzuki, K. Hirayoshi, N. Hosokawa, and K. Nagata (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35703-35710
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N. Ghosh, J. F. Piskurich, G. Wright, K. Hassani, J. P.-Y. Ting, and K. L. Wright (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 32342-32350
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AP-2 (Activating Protein 2) and Sp1 (Selective Promoter Factor 1) Regulatory Elements Play Distinct Roles in the Control of Basal Activity and Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Responsiveness of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-{beta} Promoter.
W. Johnson and J. L. Jameson (1999)
Mol. Endocrinol. 13, 1963-1975
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Cloning the Promoter for Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type III Receptor. BASAL AND CONDITIONAL EXPRESSION IN FETAL RAT OSTEOBLASTS.
C. Ji, Y. Chen, T. L. McCarthy, and M. Centrella (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 30487-30494
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The Transcription Factors Sp1, Sp3, and AP-2 Are Required for Constitutive Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Gene Expression in Astroglioma Cells.
H. Qin, Y. Sun, and E. N. Benveniste (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 29130-29137
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L. Q. Benson, M. R. Coon, L. M. Krueger, G. C. Han, A. A. Sarnaik, and D. S. Wechsler (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28794-28802
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Progesterone Stimulation of Human Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein-5 Gene Transcription in Human Osteoblasts Is Mediated by a CACCC Sequence in the Proximal Promoter.
V. Boonyaratanakornkit, D. D. Strong, S. Mohan, D. J. Baylink, C. A. Beck, and T. A. Linkhart (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 26431-26438
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An Upstream Element Containing an ETS Binding Site Is Crucial for Transcription of the Human Presenilin-1 Gene.
M. Pastorcic and H. K. Das (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 24297-24307
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C/EBPbeta (NF-M) Is Essential for Activation of the p20K Lipocalin Gene in Growth-Arrested Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts.
S. Kim, P.-L. Mao, M. Gagliardi, and P.-A. Bedard (1999)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 5718-5731
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Mpl Ligand Enhances the Transcription of the Cyclin D3 Gene: A Potential Role for Sp1 Transcription Factor.
Z. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Lu, S. Sun, and K. Ravid (1999)
Blood 93, 4208-4221
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Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Associated With Significant Changes in Collagen Type I/III ratio.
M. Pauschinger, D. Knopf, S. Petschauer, A. Doerner, W. Poller, P. L. Schwimmbeck, U. Kuhl, and H.-P. Schultheiss (1999)
Circulation 99, 2750-2756
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Transcription factors Sp1 and AP-2 mediate induction of acid sphingomyelinase during monocytic differentiation.
T. Langmann, C. Buechler, S. Ries, A. Schaeffler, C. Aslanidis, M. Schuierer, M. Weiler, K. Sandhoff, P. J. de Jong, and G. Schmitz (1999)
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Y. Zhang, M. B. Dickman, and C. Jones (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12367-12371
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Transcriptional Regulation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Malic Enzyme Gene, mae2.
M. Viljoen, H. Volschenk, R. A. Young, and H. J. J. van Vuuren (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 9969-9975
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Constitutive Fas Ligand Gene Transcription in Sertoli Cells Is Regulated By Sp1.
R. F. McClure, C. J. Heppelmann, and C. V. Paya (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 7756-7762
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Transcriptional Regulation of Cell Type-specific Expression of the TATA-less A Subunit Gene for Human Coagulation Factor XIII.
M. Kida, M. Souri, M. Yamamoto, H. Saito, and A. Ichinose (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 6138-6147
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Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 regulates intestinal expression of the guanylin/heat-stable toxin receptor.
E. S. Swenson, E. A. Mann, M. L. Jump, and R. A. Giannella (1999)
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 276, G728-G736
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Involvement of Polyomavirus Enhancer Activator 3 in the Regulation of Expression of Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid-IV in the Rat Epididymis.
Z.-J. Lan, R. J. Lye, N. Holic, J. C. Labus, and B. T. Hinton (1999)
Biol Reprod 60, 664-673
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Gene Expression of the Human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Is Regulated by Sp1 and Sp3.
I. Wildhage, H. Trusheim, B. Göke, and B. Lankat-Buttgereit (1999)
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Two Isoforms of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Alter the Dimerization Status of E2A Proteins by a Redox Mechanism.
M. Markus and R. Benezra (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 1040-1049
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Sp3 and Sp4 Can Repress Transcription by Competing with Sp1 for the Core cis-Elements on the Human ADH5/FDH Minimal Promoter.
H.-S. Kwon, M.-S. Kim, H. J. Edenberg, and M.-W. Hur (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 20-28
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
UV Irradiation Activates JNK and Increases alpha I(I) Collagen Gene Expression in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells.
A. Chen and B. H. Davis (1999)
J. Biol. Chem. 274, 158-164
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Selective Sp1 Binding Is Critical for Maximal Activity of the Human c-kit Promoter.
G. H. Park, H. K. Plummer III, and G. W. Krystal (1998)
Blood 92, 4138-4149
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Regulation of RNA Polymerase II-dependent Transcription by Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Transcription Factors.
S. L. Oei, J. Griesenbeck, M. Schweiger, and M. Ziegler (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 31644-31647
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Deregulated PAX-5 Transcription From a Translocated IgH Promoter in Marginal Zone Lymphoma.
A. M. Morrison, U. Jager, A. Chott, M. Schebesta, O. A. Haas, and M. Busslinger (1998)
Blood 92, 3865-3878
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Characterization of the Regulatory Regions of the Human Aromatase (P450arom) Gene Involved in Placenta-Specific Expression.
A. Kamat, J. L. Alcorn, C. Kunczt, and C. R. Mendelson (1998)
Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 1764-1777
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Transcriptional Regulation of Mouse µ-Opioid Receptor Gene.
J. L. Ko, H.-C. Liu, S. R. Minnerath, and H. H. Loh (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 27678-27685
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Inducible transcriptional activity of bcn-1 element from laminin gamma 1-chain gene promoter in renal and nonrenal cells.
H. Suzuki, O. N. Denisenko, Y. Suzuki, D. S. Schullery, and K. Bomsztyk (1998)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 275, F518-F526
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Combinatorial cis-Acting Elements Control Tissue-specific Activation of the Cardiac Troponin I Gene in Vitro and in Vivo.
R. Di Lisi, C. Millino, E. Calabria, F. Altruda, S. Schiaffino, and S. Ausoni (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 25371-25380
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Multiple Promoter Elements Interact to Control the Transcription of the Potassium Channel Gene, KCNJ2.
J. B. Redell and B. L Tempel (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 22807-22818
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Activation-induced Down-regulation of Retinoid Receptor RXRalpha Expression in Human T Lymphocytes. ROLE OF CELL CYCLE REGULATION.
M. Ishaq, Y.-M. Zhang, and V. Natarajan (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 21210-21216
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Transcription Factors Sp1 and Sp3 Alter Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Expression through a Novel Recognition Sequence.
Y. Hata, E. Duh, K. Zhang, G. S. Robinson, and L. P. Aiello (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 19294-19303
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W. Han, Y. Yu, K. Su, R. A. Kohanski, and L. Pick (1998)
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M. Suzuki, E. Oda, T. Nakajima, S. Sekiya, and K. Oda (1998)
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   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The DNA Binding Activity of Metal Response Element-binding Transcription Factor-1 Is Activated in Vivo and in Vitro by Zinc, but Not by Other Transition Metals.
D. Bittel, T. Dalton, S. L.-A Samson, L. Gedamu, and G. K. Andrews (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 7127-7133
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Sp1-binding Silencer Element Is a Critical Negative Regulator of the Megakaryocyte-specific alpha IIb Gene.
Y. Shou, S. Baron, and M. Poncz (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5716-5726
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Interference of Sp1 and NF-kappa B through the Same DNA Binding Site.
F. Hirano, H. Tanaka, Y. Hirano, M. Hiramoto, H. Handa, I. Makino, and C. Scheidereit (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 1266-1274
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Bone-Specific Expression of the Alpha Chain of the Nascent Polypeptide-Associated Complex, a Coactivator Potentiating c-Jun-Mediated Transcription.
A. Moreau, W. V. Yotov, F. H. Glorieux, and R. St-Arnaud (1998)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 1312-1321
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Characterization of cis-Regulatory Elements and Nuclear Factors Conferring Th2-Specific Expression of the IL-5 Gene: A Role for a GATA-Binding Protein.
H. J. Lee, A. O'Garra, K.-i. Arai, and N. Arai (1998)
J. Immunol. 160, 2343-2352
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic Organization and Identification of an Enhancer Element Containing Binding Sites for Multiple Proteins in Rat Pituitary Tumor-transforming Gene.
L. Pei (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5219-5225
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic Organization and Functional Characterization of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4, a Major Entry Co-receptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
S. A. Wegner, P. K. Ehrenberg, G. Chang, D. E. Dayhoff, A. L. Sleeker, and N. L. Michael (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4754-4760
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the Ferritin H Enhancer, FER-1, by the Cooperative Action of Members of the AP1 and Sp1 Transcription Factor Families.
Y. Tsuji, S. V. Torti, and F. M. Torti (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 2984-2992
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of a hair follicle keratin intermediate filament gene promoter.
S. Dunn, R. Keough, G. Rogers, and B. Powell (1998)
J. Cell Sci. 111, 3487-3496
   Abstract »    PDF »
Apolipoprotein(a) Gene Enhancer Resides within a LINE Element.
Z. Yang, D. Boffelli, N. Boonmark, K. Schwartz, and R. Lawn (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 891-897
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins and Neuron-restrictive Silencer Factor Participate in Cell-specific Transcriptional Control of the NMDAR1 Gene.
G. Bai, D. D. Norton, M. S. Prenger, and J. W. Kusiak (1998)
J. Biol. Chem. 273, 1086-1091
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcription Factor Sp1 Mediates Cell-Specific trans-Activation of the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Gene Promoter by Immediate-Early Protein IE86 in Glioblastoma U373MG Cells.
J. Wu, J. O'Neill, and M. S. Barbosa (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 236-244
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Strain-Responsive Regions in the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A Gene Promoter.
E. Wilson, F. Vives, T. Collins, and H. E. Ives (1998)
Hypertension 31, 170-175
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional Interaction between the DNA Binding Subunit Trimerization Domain of NF-Y and the High Mobility Group Protein HMG-I(Y).
R. A. Currie (1997)
J. Biol. Chem. 272, 30880-30888
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Regulated Expression of Serum/Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase in Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells: A Functional Role for the Sp1 Family in Promoter Activity.
T. N. Alliston, A. C. Maiyar, P. Buse, G. L. Firestone, and J. S. Richards (1997)
Mol. Endocrinol. 11, 1934-1949
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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