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Science 26 September 1986:
Vol. 233. no. 4771, pp. 1416 - 1419
DOI: 10.1126/science.3749885
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Articles

Science, Vol 233, Issue 4771, 1416-1419
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Neuronal population coding of movement direction

AP Georgopoulos, AB Schwartz, and RE Kettner

Although individual neurons in the arm area of the primate motor cortex are only broadly tuned to a particular direction in three-dimensional space, the animal can very precisely control the movement of its arm. The direction of movement was found to be uniquely predicted by the action of a population of motor cortical neurons. When individual cells were represented as vectors that make weighted contributions along the axis of their preferred direction (according to changes in their activity during the movement under consideration) the resulting vector sum of all cell vectors (population vector) was in a direction congruent with the direction of movement. This population vector can be monitored during various tasks, and similar measures in other neuronal populations could be of heuristic value where there is a neural representation of variables with vectorial attributes.


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Visual Binding Through Reentrant Connectivity and Dynamic Synchronization in a Brain-based Device.
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A Population Decoding Framework for Motion Aftereffects on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements.
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Superlinear Population Encoding of Dynamic Hand Trajectory in Primary Motor Cortex.
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Information Tuning of Populations of Neurons in Primary Visual Cortex.
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Reduction of Single-Neuron Firing Uncertainty by Cortical Ensembles during Motor Skill Learning.
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W. J. Kargo and D. A. Nitz (2003)
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Effects of Optic Flow in Motor Cortex and Area 7a.
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J Neurophysiol 86, 1937-1954
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Recoding Arm Position to Learn Visuomotor Transformations.
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Adaptive Homing--Robotic Exploration Tours.
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