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Science 5 September 1986:
Vol. 233. no. 4768, pp. 1050 - 1056
DOI: 10.1126/science.2943018
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Articles

Science, Vol 233, Issue 4768, 1050-1056
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Multiple DNA-protein interactions governing high-precision DNA transactions

H Echols

The precise association of DNA-binding proteins with localized regions of DNA is crucial for regulated replication and expression of the genome. For certain DNA transactions, the requirement for precision in localization and control is extremely high. High-precision events amenable to detailed biochemical analysis are the initiation of DNA replication and site-specific recombination by bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli. Recent experiments indicate that site-localization and control in these reactions involves the association of DNA-bound proteins to generate organized nucleoprotein structures in which the DNA is folded or wound. These specialized nucleoprotein structures are likely to provide the requisite accuracy for site localization and the necessary regulated reactivity to direct the DNA transaction. Multiple DNA-protein interactions are also required for controlled transcription of the eukaryotic genome. Distant upstream regulator and enhancer sequences may define protein-binding sites that form part of a reactive nucleoprotein structure capable of initiating transcription.


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Architectural transcription factors.
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The nonspecific DNA-binding and -bending proteins HMG1 and HMG2 promote the assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures..
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Lambda Int protein bridges between higher order complexes at two distant chromosomal loci attL and attR.
S Kim and A Landy (1992)
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Torsional rigidity of positively and negatively supercoiled DNA.
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DNA looping in cellular repression of transcription of the galactose operon..
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In situ nucleoprotein structure at the SV40 major late promoter: melted and wrapped DNA flank the start site..
L Zhang and J D Gralla (1989)
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A developmental-specific factor binds to suppressor sites flanking the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer..
R H Scheuermann and U Chen (1989)
Genes & Dev. 3, 1255-1266
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DNA looping generated by DNA bending protein IHF and the two domains of lambda integrase.
L Moitoso de Vargas, S Kim, and A Landy (1989)
Science 244, 1457-1461
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DNA bending by negative regulatory proteins: Gal and Lac repressors..
C Zwieb, J Kim, and S Adhya (1989)
Genes & Dev. 3, 606-611
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A nucleoprotein complex mediates the integration of retroviral DNA..
B Bowerman, P O Brown, J M Bishop, and H E Varmus (1989)
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Developmental regulation of two 5S ribosomal RNA genes.
A. Wolffe and D. Brown (1988)
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Action at a distance along a DNA.
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Unwinding of duplex DNA from the SV40 origin of replication by T antigen.
M Dodson, F. Dean, P Bullock, H Echols, and J Hurwitz (1987)
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Direct evidence for DNA bending at the lambda replication origin.
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)