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Science 29 August 1986:
Vol. 233. no. 4767, pp. 977 - 980
DOI: 10.1126/science.3738520
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Articles

Science, Vol 233, Issue 4767, 977-980
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes

NK Peters, JW Frost, and Long SR

The symbiotic interaction of Rhizobium meliloti and alfalfa results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Rhizobium meliloti nodABC genes are required for the early host responses of cortical cell divisions and root hair curling. The induction of nodABC expression by alfalfa exudates demonstrates host-symbiont signaling at an early stage in nodule development. The inducer molecule for nodABC expression was isolated from plant exudate by constructing a nodABC-lacZ fusion to monitor the inducing activity. From ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, the inducer was determined to be 3',4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin). Luteolin is a normal secondary plant metabolite found throughout the plant kingdom that may serve to control nodABC expression during nodule development. This regulatory role for a flavone contrasts with the function of some flavonoids as defense compounds.


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The Rhizobium meliloti PII protein, which controls bacterial nitrogen metabolism, affects alfalfa nodule development..
T Arcondeguy, I Huez, P Tillard, C Gangneux, F de Billy, A Gojon, G Truchet, and D Kahn (1997)
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Mutation or Increased Copy Number of nodE Has No Effect on the Spectrum of Chitolipooligosaccharide Nod Factors Made By Rhizobiumleguminosarum bv. trifolii.
S. Philip-Hollingsworth, G. G. Orgambide, J. J. Bradford, D. K. Smith, R. I. Hollingsworth, and F. B. Dazzo (1995)
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Wild Type Rhizobium etli, a Bean Symbiont, Produces Acetyl-fucosylated, N-Methylated, and Carbamoylated Nodulation Factors.
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The Rhizobium meliloti groELc locus is required for regulation of early nod genes by the transcription activator NodD..
J Ogawa and S R Long (1995)
Genes & Dev. 9, 714-729
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Temporal and spatial regulation of the symbiotic genes of Rhizobium meliloti in planta revealed by transposon Tn5-gusA..
S B Sharma and E R Signer (1990)
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Expression of nodule-specific genes in alfalfa root nodules blocked at an early stage of development..
R Dickstein, T Bisseling, V N Reinhold, and F M Ausubel (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 677-687
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Four classes of mutations in the nodD gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae that affect its ability to autoregulate and/or activate other nod genes in the presence of flavonoid inducers.
J. Burn, L. Rossen, and A.W.B. Johnston (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 456-464
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