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Science 29 August 1986:
Vol. 233. no. 4767, pp. 953 - 959
DOI: 10.1126/science.3755551
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Articles

Science, Vol 233, Issue 4767, 953-959
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Cross-regulatory interactions among pair-rule genes in Drosophila

K Harding, C Rushlow, HJ Doyle, T Hoey, and M Levine

The pair-rule genes of Drosophila are required for the subdivision of the developing embryo into a repeating series of homologous body segments. One of the pair-rule genes, even-skipped (eve), appears to be particularly important for the overall segmentation pattern since eve- embryos lack all segmental subdivisions in the middle body region. On the basis of homeo box cross-homology we have isolated a gene, S72, which probably corresponds to eve. In embryo tissue sections S72 transcripts show a periodic distribution pattern. The eve- phenotype appears to involve altered patterns of fushi tarazu and engrailed expression. These and other findings suggest that pair-rule gene expression might involve hierarchical cross-regulatory interactions.


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even-skipped is not a pair-rule gene but has segmental and gap-like functions in Oncopeltus fasciatus, an intermediate germband insect.
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The repressor activity of Even-skipped is highly conserved, and is sufficient to activate engrailed and to regulate both the spacing and stability of parasegment boundaries.
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Kinetic analysis of segmentation gene interactions in Drosophila embryos.
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Groucho acts as a corepressor for a subset of negative regulators, including Hairy and Engrailed.
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Regulation of segmentation and segmental identity by Drosophila homeoproteins: the role of DNA binding in functional activity and specificity.
M. Biggin and W McGinnis (1997)
Development 124, 4425-4433
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Integration of the head and trunk segmentation systems controls cephalic furrow formation in Drosophila.
A Vincent, J. Blankenship, and E Wieschaus (1997)
Development 124, 3747-3754
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Segmentation and specification of the Drosophila mesoderm..
N Azpiazu, P A Lawrence, J P Vincent, and M Frasch (1996)
Genes & Dev. 10, 3183-3194
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A conserved region of engrailed, shared among all en-, gsc-, Nk1-, Nk2- and msh-class homeoproteins, mediates active transcriptional repression in vivo.
S. Smith and J. Jaynes (1996)
Development 122, 3141-3150
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Both the paired domain and homeodomain are required for in vivo function of Drosophila Paired.
P Miskiewicz, D Morrissey, Y Lan, L Raj, S Kessler, M Fujioka, T Goto, and M Weir (1996)
Development 122, 2709-2718
   Abstract »    PDF »
Early even-skipped stripes act as morphogenetic gradients at the single cell level to establish engrailed expression.
M Fujioka, J. Jaynes, and T Goto (1995)
Development 121, 4371-4382
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Analysis of FGF function in normal and no tail zebrafish embryos reveals separate mechanisms for formation of the trunk and the tail.
K Griffin, R Patient, and N Holder (1995)
Development 121, 2983-2994
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Inserting the Ftz homeodomain into engrailed creates a dominant transcriptional repressor that specifically turns off Ftz target genes in vivo.
A John, S. Smith, and J. Jaynes (1995)
Development 121, 1801-1813
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Two homeo domain proteins bind with similar specificity to a wide range of DNA sites in Drosophila embryos..
J Walter, C A Dever, and M D Biggin (1994)
Genes & Dev. 8, 1678-1692
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Gap gene properties of the pair-rule gene runt during Drosophila segmentation.
C Tsai and J. Gergen (1994)
Development 120, 1671-1683
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Complex regulation of early paired expression: initial activation by gap genes and pattern modulation by pair-rule genes.
T Gutjahr, E Frei, and M Noll (1993)
Development 117, 609-623
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Differential regulation of transcription preinitiation complex assembly by activator and repressor homeo domain proteins..
F B Johnson and M A Krasnow (1992)
Genes & Dev. 6, 2177-2189
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The Drosophila sloppy paired locus encodes two proteins involved in segmentation that show homology to mammalian transcription factors..
U Grossniklaus, R K Pearson, and W J Gehring (1992)
Genes & Dev. 6, 1030-1051
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Dual role of the Drosophila pattern gene tailless in embryonic termini.
E Steingrimsson, F Pignoni, G. Liaw, and J. Lengyel (1991)
Science 254, 418-421
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Temporal regulation of gene expression in the blastoderm Drosophila embryo..
G K Yasuda, J Baker, and G Schubiger (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 1800-1812
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Functional dissection of the paired segmentation gene in Drosophila embryos..
D Morrissey, D Askew, L Raj, and M Weir (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 1684-1696
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Transcriptional regulation of a pair-rule stripe in Drosophila..
S Small, R Kraut, T Hoey, R Warrior, and M Levine (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 827-839
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Synthetic oligonucleotides recreate Drosophila fushi tarazu zebra-stripe expression..
J Topol, C R Dearolf, K Prakash, and C S Parker (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 855-867
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Autoregulation of a segmentation gene in Drosophila: combinatorial interaction of the even-skipped homeo box protein with a distal enhancer element..
J Jiang, T Hoey, and M Levine (1991)
Genes & Dev. 5, 265-277
   Abstract »    PDF »
Mutations affecting the stability of the fushi tarazu protein of Drosophila..
K A Kellerman, D M Mattson, and I Duncan (1990)
Genes & Dev. 4, 1936-1950
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The Drosophila neurogenic locus mastermind encodes a nuclear protein unusually rich in amino acid homopolymers..
D Smoller, C Friedel, A Schmid, D Bettler, L Lam, and B Yedvobnick (1990)
Genes & Dev. 4, 1688-1700
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Spatial regulation of zerknullt: a dorsal-ventral patterning gene in Drosophila..
H J Doyle, R Kraut, and M Levine (1989)
Genes & Dev. 3, 1518-1533
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Transcriptional control of Drosophila fushi tarazu zebra stripe expression..
C R Dearolf, J Topol, and C S Parker (1989)
Genes & Dev. 3, 384-398
   Abstract »    PDF »
Gene activities and segmental patterning in Drosophila: analysis of odd-skipped and pair-rule double mutants..
D E Coulter and E Wieschaus (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 1812-1823
   Abstract »    PDF »
Molecular analysis of even-skipped mutants in Drosophila development..
M Frasch, R Warrior, J Tugwood, and M Levine (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 1824-1838
   Abstract »    PDF »
Isolation of the Drosophila segmentation gene runt and analysis of its expression during embryogenesis..
J P Gergen and B A Butler (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 1179-1193
   Abstract »    PDF »
Spatial regulation of engrailed expression in the Drosophila embryo..
M P Weir, B A Edgar, T Kornberg, and G Schubiger (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 1194-1203
   Abstract »    PDF »
Region-specific alleles of the Drosophila segmentation gene hairy..
K Howard, P Ingham, and C Rushlow (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 1037-1046
   Abstract »    PDF »
Pair--rule segmentation genes regulate the expression of the homeotic selector gene, Deformed.
T. Jack, M. Regulski, and W. McGinnis (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 635-651
   Abstract »    PDF »
Expression and function of the segmentation gene fushi tarazu during Drosophila neurogenesis.
C. Doe, Y Hiromi, W. Gehring, and C. Goodman (1988)
Science 239, 170-175
   Abstract »    PDF »
In vitro transcription of the Drosophila engrailed gene..
W C Soeller, S J Poole, and T Kornberg (1988)
Genes & Dev. 2, 68-81
   Abstract »    PDF »
Establishment and refinement of segmental pattern in the Drosophila embryo: spatial control of engrailed expression by pair-rule genes..
S DiNardo and P H O'Farrell (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 1212-1225
   Abstract »    PDF »
Cytoarchitecture and the patterning of fushi tarazu expression in the Drosophila blastoderm..
B A Edgar, G M Odell, and G Schubiger (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 1226-1237
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Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis..
S Baumgartner, D Bopp, M Burri, and M Noll (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 1247-1267
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Complementary patterns of even-skipped and fushi tarazu expression involve their differential regulation by a common set of segmentation genes in Drosophila..
M Frasch and M Levine (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 981-995
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The expression and regulation of Sex combs reduced protein in Drosophila embryos..
P D Riley, S B Carroll, and M P Scott (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 716-730
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