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Science 23 May 1986:
Vol. 232. no. 4753, pp. 980 - 982
DOI: 10.1126/science.2939560
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Articles

Science, Vol 232, Issue 4753, 980-982
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Evolution of human influenza A viruses over 50 years: rapid, uniform rate of change in NS gene

DA Buonagurio, S Nakada, JD Parvin, M Krystal, P Palese, and WM Fitch

Variation in influenza A viruses was examined by comparison of nucleotide sequences of the NS gene (890 bases) of 15 human viruses isolated over 53 years (1933 to 1985). Changes in the genes accumulate with time, and an evolutionary tree based on the maximum parsimony method can be constructed. The evolutionary rate is approximately 2 X 10(-3) substitution per site per year in the NS genes, which is about 10(6) times the evolutionary rate of germline genes in mammals. This uniform and rapid rate of evolution in the NS gene is a good molecular clock and is compatible with the hypothesis that positive selection is operating on the hemagglutinin (or perhaps some other viral genes) to preserve random mutations in the NS gene.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Natural Selection for Nucleotide Usage at Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Sites in Influenza A Virus Genes.
S. Kryazhimskiy, G. A. Bazykin, and J. Dushoff (2008)
J. Virol. 82, 4938-4945
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Recognition of a Bulged RNA by Peptides Derived from the Influenza NS1 Protein.
T. Someya, K. Hosono, K. Morimura, H. Takaku, and G. Kawai (2008)
J. Biochem. 143, 339-347
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Genetic Analysis of Influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 Viruses Circulating in Vietnam from 2001 to 2006.
D. Li, R. Saito, M. T. Q. Le, H. L. K. Nguyen, Y. Suzuki, Y. Shobugawa, D. T. Dinh, P. V. M. Hoang, H. T. T. Tran, H. K. Nghiem, et al. (2008)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 46, 399-405
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of LINE-1 Activity in the Megabats.
M. A. Cantrell, L. Scott, C. J. Brown, A. R. Martinez, and H. A. Wichman (2008)
Genetics 178, 393-404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
FluGenome: a web tool for genotyping influenza A virus.
G. Lu, T. Rowley, R. Garten, and R. O. Donis (2007)
Nucleic Acids Res. 35, W275-W279
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A statistical phylogeography of influenza A H5N1.
R. G. Wallace, H. HoDac, R. H. Lathrop, and W. M. Fitch (2007)
PNAS 104, 4473-4478
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Comparison of the mutation rates of human influenza a and B viruses..
E. Nobusawa and K. Sato (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 3675-3678
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diagnostic Approach for Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Poultry on the Basis of Antibodies to NS1, the Nonstructural Protein of Influenza A Virus.
T. M. Tumpey, R. Alvarez, D. E. Swayne, and D. L. Suarez (2005)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 676-683
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Profiles of Adaptation in Two Similar Viruses.
K. K. Holder and J. J. Bull (2001)
Genetics 159, 1393-1404
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
From the Cover: Sequence of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nonstructural gene (NS) segment and characterization of recombinant viruses bearing the 1918 NS genes.
C. F. Basler, A. H. Reid, J. K. Dybing, T. A. Janczewski, T. G. Fanning, H. Zheng, M. Salvatore, M. L. Perdue, D. E. Swayne, A. Garcia-Sastre, et al. (2001)
PNAS 98, 2746-2751
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Phylogenetic analysis of the three polymerase genes (PB1, PB2 and PA) of influenza B virus.
Y. Hiromoto, T. Saito, S. E. Lindstrom, Y. Li, R. Nerome, S. Sugita, M. Shinjoh, and K. Nerome (2000)
J. Gen. Virol. 81, 929-937
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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Entire Genome of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from Japan: Evidence for Genetic Reassortment of the Six Internal Genes.
S. E. Lindstrom, Y. Hiromoto, R. Nerome, K. Omoe, S. Sugita, Y. Yamazaki, T. Takahashi, and K. Nerome (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8021-8031
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The Public Health Threat of Emerging Viral Disease.
S. S. Morse (1997)
J. Nutr. 127 , 951S
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The use of hybrid-selected template increases the specificity of the polymerase chain reaction..
W T Lucas and J S Youngner (1992)
Genome Res. 2, 41-44
   Abstract »    PDF »
New Concepts for Dealing with the Evolution of Nucleic Acids.
M. Eigen (1987)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 52, 307-320
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Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS.
B. Hahn, G. Shaw, M. Taylor, R. Redfield, P. Markham, S. Salahuddin, F Wong-Staal, R. Gallo, E. Parks, and W. Parks (1986)
Science 232, 1548-1553
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus neuraminidase gene.
A. H. Reid, T. G. Fanning, T. A. Janczewski, and J. K. Taubenberger (2000)
PNAS 97, 6785-6790
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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