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Science 23 May 1986:
Vol. 232. no. 4753, pp. 977 - 980
DOI: 10.1126/science.3754653

Articles

Science, Vol 232, Issue 4753, 977-980
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Control of cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) synthesis: mechanisms of endotoxin resistance

B Beutler, N Krochin, IW Milsark, C Luedke, and A Cerami

Cachectin (tumor necrosis factor) is a macrophage hormone strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock. The availability of a DNA probe complementary to the cachectin messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as a specific antibody capable of recognizing the cachectin gene product, has made it possible to analyze the regulation of cachectin gene expression under a variety of conditions. Thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from mice contain a pool of cachectin mRNA that is not expressed as protein. When the cells are stimulated with endotoxin, large quantity of additional cachectin mRNA is produced, and immunoreactive cachectin is secreted. Macrophages from mice of the C3H/HeJ strain do not produce cachectin in response to endotoxin. A dual defect appears to prevent cachectin expression. First, a diminished quantity of cachectin mRNA is expressed in response to low concentrations of endotoxin. Second, a post-transcriptional defect prevents the production of cachectin protein. Macrophages from endotoxin-sensitive mice do not produce cachectin if they are first treated with dexamethasone, apparently for similar reasons. These findings give new insight into the nature of the C3H/HeJ mutation and suggest an important mechanism by which glucocorticoids may act to suppress inflammation.


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J. T. Stitt, A. B. Dubois, J. S. Douglas, and S. G. Shimada (1997)
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Chemokine Expression in Human Oral Keratinocyte Cell Lines and Keratinized Mucosa.
M. Bickel, S.M. Nothen, K. Freiburghaus, and D. Shire (1996)
Journal of Dental Research 75, 1827-1834
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Tumor Necrosis Factor and the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction.
B. Beutler and R. S. Munford (1996)
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G. Walker, J. Pfeilschifter, and D. Kunz (1996)
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Glucocorticoid-mediated Gene Suppression of Rat Cytokine-induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant CINC/gro, a Member of the Interleukin-8 Family, through Impairment of NF-kappaB Activation.
T. Ohtsuka, A. Kubota, T. Hirano, K. Watanabe, H. Yoshida, M. Tsurufuji, Y. Iizuka, K. Konishi, and S. Tsurufuji (1996)
J. Biol. Chem. 271, 1651-1659
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Role of Transcriptional Activation of IkappaBalpha in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoi ds.
R. I. Scheinman, P. C. Cogswell, A. K. Lofquist, and A. S. Baldwin Jr. (1995)
Science 270, 283-286
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Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids: Inhibition of NF-kappaB Activity Through Induction of IkappaB Sy nthesis.
N. Auphan, J. A. DiDonato, C. Rosette, A. Helmberg, and M. Karin (1995)
Science 270, 286-290
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Lipopolysaccharide is required for the lethal effects of enterotoxin B after D-galactosamine sensitization.
S.K. Chapes and A.A. Beharka (1995)
Innate Immunity 2, 263-271
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Regulation of the Human TNF Promoter by the Transcription Factor Ets.
B. Krämer, K. Wiegmann, and M. Krönke (1995)
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A Region of Human CD14 Required for Lipopolysaccharide Binding.
S. Viriyakosol and T. N. Kirkland (1995)
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Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockade Reverses Postinjury Macrophage Suppression.
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Augmented Tumor Necrosis Factor Response to Lipopolysaccharide After Thermal Injury Is Regulated Posttranscriptionally.
J. P. Minei, J. G. Williams, S. J. Hill, K. McIntyre, and P. E. Bankey (1994)
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Effect of Combined Cortisol-Endotoxin Administration on Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Counts and Phenotype in Cortisol-Endotoxin.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 144, 883-887
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Shared actions of endotoxin and taxol on TNF receptors and TNF release.
A. Ding, F Porteu, E Sanchez, and C. Nathan (1990)
Science 248, 370-372
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Bacterial Meningitis: Recent Advances in Pathophysiology and Treatment.
A. R. Tunkel, B. Wispelwey, and W. M. Scheld (1990)
Ann Intern Med 112, 610-623
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Sepsis, Signals, and Surgical Sequelae (A Hypothesis).
H. R. Michie and D. W. Wilmore (1990)
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Endotoxin Tolerance Is Associated With Reduced Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor.
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Translational blockade imposed by cytokine-derived UA-rich sequences.
V Kruys, O Marinx, G Shaw, J Deschamps, and G Huez (1989)
Science 245, 852-855
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Antisense RNA directed against the 3' noncoding region prevents dormant mRNA activation in mouse oocytes.
S Strickland, J Huarte, D Belin, A Vassalli, R. Rickles, and J. Vassalli (1988)
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Cachectin/TNF and IL-1 induced by glucose-modified proteins: role in normal tissue remodeling.
H Vlassara, M Brownlee, K. Manogue, C. Dinarello, and A Pasagian (1988)
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Manifestations of Sepsis.
R. L. Harris, D. M. Musher, K. Bloom, J. Gathe, L. Rice, B. Sugarman, T. W. Williams Jr, and E. J. Young (1987)
Arch Intern Med 147, 1895-1906
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Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) as an essential mediator in murine cerebral malaria.
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