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Science 23 May 1986:
Vol. 232. no. 4753, pp. 1004 - 1007
DOI: 10.1126/science.2422758

Articles

Science, Vol 232, Issue 4753, 1004-1007
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor

MD Majewska, NL Harrison, RD Schwartz, JL Barker, and SM Paul

Two metabolites of the steroid hormones progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, are potent barbiturate-like ligands of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-chloride ion channel complex. At concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-5)M both steroids inhibited binding of the convulsant t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to the GABA-receptor complex and increased the binding of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam; they also stimulated chloride uptake (as measured by uptake of 36Cl-) into isolated brain vesicles, and potentiated the inhibitory actions of GABA in cultured rat hippocampal and spinal cord neurons. These data may explain the ability of certain steroid hormones to rapidly alter neuronal excitability and may provide a mechanism for the anesthetic and hypnotic actions of naturally occurring and synthetic anesthetic steroids.


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An Essential Component in Steroid Synthesis, the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, Is Expressed in Discrete Regions of the Brain.
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Acute Modulation of Aged Human Memory by Pharmacological Manipulation of Glucocorticoids.
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High Serum Allopregnanolone Levels in Girls with Precocious Puberty.
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Evidence That Cyproterone Acetate Improves Psychological Symptoms and Enhances the Activity of the Dopaminergic System in Postmenopause.
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Heterogeneity of Hippocampal GABAA Receptors: Regulation by Corticosterone.
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Estrogen Inhibition of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Mediated Chloride Secretion.
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Estrogen-Astrocyte-Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Signaling: A Rolefor Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1.
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Neurosteroid Modulation of GABA IPSCs Is Phosphorylation Dependent.
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Slow Death of Postnatal Hippocampal Neurons by GABAA Receptor Overactivation.
W. Xu, R. Cormier, T. Fu, D. F. Covey, K. E. Isenberg, C. F. Zorumski, and S. Mennerick (2000)
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The 4-Pregnene and 5{{alpha}}-Pregnane Progesterone Metabolites Formed in Nontumorous and Tumorous Breast Tissue Have Opposite Effects on Breast Cell Proliferation and Adhesion.
J. P. Wiebe, D. Muzia, J. Hu, D. Szwajcer, S. A. Hill, and J. L. Seachrist (2000)
Cancer Res. 60, 936-943
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Effect of Ganaxolone in a Rodent Model of Cerebral Hematoma Editorial Comment.
P. Lyden, C. Shin, C. Jackson-Friedman, S. Hassid, A. Chong, and R. L. Macdonald (2000)
Stroke 31, 169-175
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Interactive Role for Neurosteroids in Ethanol Enhancement of gamma -Aminobutyric Acid-Gated Currents from Dissociated Substantia Nigra Reticulata Neurons.
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Enigma of the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor.
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Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 629-650
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Effects of a naturally occurring neurosteroid on GABAA IPSCs during development in rat hippocampal or cerebellar slices.
E. J Cooper, G. A R Johnston, and F. A Edwards (1999)
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors directly alter activity of neurosteroidogenic enzymes.
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PNAS 96, 13512-13517
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Sex Differences in the Pentylenetetrazol-Like Stimulus Induced by Ethanol Withdrawal.
M. E. Jung, C. J. Wallis, M. B. Gatch, and H. Lal (1999)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 291, 576-582
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Differential Modulation of the gamma -Aminobutyric Acid Type C Receptor by Neuroactive Steroids.
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Gonadal Steroids in the Treatment of Mood Disorders.
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Neurosteroid Modulation of Synaptic and GABA-Evoked Currents in Neurons From the Rat Medial Preoptic Nucleus.
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Expression and Activity of 3{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/{Delta}5-{Delta}4-Isomerase in the Rat Purkinje Neuron during Neonatal Life.
K. Ukena, C. Kohchi, and K. Tsutsui (1999)
Endocrinology 140, 805-813
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Finasteride, a 5alpha -Reductase Inhibitor, Blocks the Anticonvulsant Activity of Progesterone in Mice.
T. G. Kokate, M. K. Banks, T. Magee, S.-I. Yamaguchi, and M. A. Rogawski (1999)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288, 679-684
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Lack of Anticonvulsant Tolerance to the Neuroactive Steroid Pregnanolone in Mice.
T. G. Kokate, S.-I. Yamaguchi, L. K. Pannell, U. Rajamani, D. M. Carroll, A. B. Grossman, and M. A. Rogawski (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 553-558
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Absence Seizures Decrease Steroid Modulation of t-[35S]Butylbicyclophosphorothionate Binding in Thalamic Relay Nuclei.
P. K. Banerjee, R. W. Olsen, N. J. K. Tillakaratne, S. Brailowsky, A. J. Tobin, and O. C. Snead III (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 766-772
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Substituted 3beta -Phenylethynyl Derivatives of 3alpha -Hydroxy-5alpha -pregnan-20-one: Remarkably Potent Neuroactive Steroid Modulators of gamma -Aminobutyric AcidA Receptors.
J. E. Hawkinson, M. Acosta-Burruel, K. C. Yang, D. J. Hogenkamp, J.-S. Chen, N. C. Lan, J. A. Drewe, E. R. Whittemore, R. M. Woodward, R. B. Carter, et al. (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 287, 198-207
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Functional Antagonism of Gonadal Steroids at the 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 3 Receptor.
C. H. R. Wetzel, B. Hermann, C. Behl, E. Pestel, G. Rammes, W. Zieglgänsberger, F. Holsboer, and R. Rupprecht (1998)
Mol. Endocrinol. 12, 1441-1451
   Abstract »    Full Text »
The negative feedback actions of progesterone on gonadotropinreleasing hormone secretion are transduced by the classical progesterone receptor.
D. C. Skinner, N. P. Evans, B. Delaleu, R. L. Goodman, P. Bouchard, and A. Caraty (1998)
PNAS 95, 10978-10983
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Withdrawal from 3alpha -OH-5alpha -Pregnan-20-One Using a Pseudopregnancy Model Alters the Kinetics of Hippocampal GABAA-Gated Current and Increases the GABAA Receptor alpha 4 Subunit in Association with Increased Anxiety.
S. S. Smith, Q. H. Gong, X. Li, M. H. Moran, D. Bitran, C. A. Frye, and F.-C. Hsu (1998)
J. Neurosci. 18, 5275-5284
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Effects of Antidepressant Treatment on Neuroactive Steroids in Major Depression.
E. Romeo, A. Ströhle, G. Spalletta, F. d. Michele, B. Hermann, F. Holsboer, A. Pasini, and R. Rupprecht (1998)
Am J Psychiatry 155, 910-913
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Activation of Human Liver 3alpha -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase by Clofibrate Derivatives.
K. Matsuura, A. Hara, M. Kato, Y. Deyashiki, Y. Miyabe, S. Ishikura, T. Sugiyama, and Y. Katagiri (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 285, 1096-1103
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Differential Effects of Chronic Antidepressant Treatment on Swim Stress- and Fluoxetine-Induced Secretion of Corticosterone and Progesterone.
G. E. Duncan, D. J. Knapp, S. W. Carson, and G. R. Breese (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 285, 579-587
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Dehydroepiandrosterone: A potential signalling molecule for neocortical organization during development.
N. A. Compagnone and S. H. Mellon (1998)
PNAS 95, 4678-4683
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transient Expression of the 5{alpha}-Reductase Type 2 Isozyme in the Rat Brain in Late Fetal and Early Postnatal Life.
A. Poletti, P. Negri-Cesi, M. Rabuffetti, A. Colciago, F. Celotti, and L. Martini (1998)
Endocrinology 139, 2171-2178
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Reversal of Behavioral Effects of Pentylenetetrazol by the Neuroactive Steroid Ganaxolone.
M. Beekman, J. T. Ungard, M. Gasior, R. B. Carter, D. Dijkstra, S. R. Goldberg, and J. M. Witkin (1998)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284, 868-877
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Premenstrual Syndrome -- Pathophysiologic Considerations.
J. F. Mortola (1998)
N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 256-257
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