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Science 25 April 1986:
Vol. 232. no. 4749, pp. 477 - 484
DOI: 10.1126/science.3961490
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Articles

Science, Vol 232, Issue 4749, 477-484
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Biochemical and genetic evidence for the hepatitis B virus replication strategy

C Seeger, D Ganem, and HE Varmus

Hepatitis B viruses synthesize their open circular DNA genomes by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The details of this process have been examined with the use of mammalian hepatitis B viruses to map the sites for initiation and termination of DNA synthesis and to explore the consequences of mutations introduced at short, separated direct repeats (DR1 and DR2) implicated in the mechanisms of initiation. The first DNA strand to be synthesized is initiated within DR1, apparently by a protein primer, and the completed strand has a short terminal redundancy. In contrast, the second DNA strand begins with the sequence adjacent to DR2, but its 5' end is joined to an oligoribonucleotide that contains DR1; thus the putative RNA primer has been transposed to the position of DR2. It is now possible to propose a detailed strategy for reverse transcription by hepatitis B viruses that can be instructively compared with that used by retroviruses.


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Exposure of RNA Templates and Encapsidation of Spliced Viral RNA Are Influenced by the Arginine-Rich Domain of Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen (HBcAg 165-173).
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cis-Acting Sequences That Contribute to the Synthesis of Relaxed-Circular DNA of Human Hepatitis B Virus.
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Template Switches during Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis of Duck Hepatitis B Virus Are Influenced by the Base Composition of the Minus-Strand Terminal Redundancy.
J. W. Habig and D. D. Loeb (2003)
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Conditional Replication of Duck Hepatitis B Virus in Hepatoma Cells.
J.-T. Guo, M. Pryce, X. Wang, M. I. Barrasa, J. Hu, and C. Seeger (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 1885-1893
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cis-Acting Sequences 5E, M, and 3E Interact To Contribute to Primer Translocation and Circularization during Reverse Transcription of Avian Hepadnavirus DNA.
K. Mueller-Hill and D. D. Loeb (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 4260-4266
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Human Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Interacts with the Molecular Chaperonin Hsp60.
S. G. Park and G. Jung (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 6962-6968
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Mutations That Increase In Situ Priming Also Decrease Circularization for Duck Hepatitis B Virus.
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J. Virol. 75, 6492-6497
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Interaction between Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein and Reverse Transcriptase.
L. Lott, B. Beames, L. Notvall, and R. E. Lanford (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 11479-11489
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Low Dynamic State of Viral Competition in a Chronic Avian Hepadnavirus Infection.
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J. Virol. 74, 5257-5265
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Viruses, Immunity, and Cancer: Lessons from Hepatitis B.
F. V. Chisari (2000)
Am. J. Pathol. 156, 1117-1132
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Hepatitis B Virus Biology.
C. Seeger and W. S. Mason (2000)
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64, 51-68
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Enrichment of a Precore-Minus Mutant of Duck Hepatitis B Virus in Experimental Mixed Infections.
Y.-Y. Zhang and J. Summers (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 3616-3622
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Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase Protein.
J. zu Putlitz, R. E. Lanford, R. I. Carlson, L. Notvall, S. M. de la Monte, and J. R. Wands (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 4188-4196
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Mapping of the Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase TP and RT Domains by Transcomplementation for Nucleotide Priming and by Protein-Protein Interaction.
R. E. Lanford, Y.-H. Kim, H. Lee, L. Notvall, and B. Beames (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 1885-1893
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Infection of Ducklings with Virus Particles Containing Linear Double-Stranded Duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA: Illegitimate Replication and Reversion.
W. Yang and J. Summers (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 8710-8717
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Duck Hepatitis B Virus Nucleocapsids Formed by N-Terminally Extended or C-Terminally Truncated Core Proteins Disintegrate during Viral DNA Maturation.
J. Kock, S. Wieland, H. E. Blum, and F. von Weizsacker (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 9116-9120
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Changing the Site of Initiation of Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis Inhibits the Subsequent Template Switch during Replication of a Hepadnavirus.
D. D. Loeb, R. Tian, K. J. Gulya, and A. E. Qualey (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 6565-6573
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Mitogen-induced replication of woodchuck hepatitis virus in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes.
B. Korba, P. Cote, and J. Gerin (1988)
Science 241, 1213-1216
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The mode of hepatitis B virus DNA integration in chromosomes of human hepatocellular carcinoma..
T Nagaya, T Nakamura, T Tokino, T Tsurimoto, M Imai, T Mayumi, K Kamino, K Yamamura, and K Matsubara (1987)
Genes & Dev. 1, 773-782
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The Abundant LINE-1 Family of Repeated DNA Sequences in Mammals: Genes and Pseudogenes.
J. Skowronski and M.F. Singer (1986)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 51, 457-464
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