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Science 21 March 1986:
Vol. 231. no. 4744, pp. 1437 - 1440
DOI: 10.1126/science.3006241
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Articles

Science, Vol 231, Issue 4744, 1437-1440
Copyright © 1986 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Two elements in the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat that regulate gene expression

D Derse and JW Casey

The bovine leukemia virus, like the human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), are unusual biologically in that viral transcripts are not detected in tumors or infected tissues. The bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat (BLV LTR) functions as a transcriptional promoter only in cell lines productively infected with BLV. Deletion mapping indicated that at least two regions of the LTR, on the 5' and 3' sides of the RNA start site, influenced gene expression. An analysis has now been made of the effects of coupling sequences from these LTR regions to a heterologous core promoter derived from the SV40 early promoter unit. Through the use of the transient expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene to monitor transcriptional activity in vivo, two independent, regulatory elements were identified in the BLV LTR. One was present in a fragment of 75 base pairs derived from the U3 region of the LTR and behaved much like other enhancer elements. It may be a major determinant of BLV expression in productively infected cell lines, since it enhanced transcription controlled by the heterologous core promoter only in these cells. The second element was contained in a 250-bp fragment derived from LTR sequences in the R region, located downstream from the RNA start site. Its activation of CAT expression was not dependent on BLV infection and was evident only when the fragment was located immediately downstream from the RNA start site. BLV expression thus appears to be regulated in part by a cell-specific enhancer element upstream from the core promoter and a novel sequence downstream from the RNA initiation site in the viral LTR.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Transcriptional Regulation of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Promoter by the Cyclic AMP-response Element Modulator {tau} Isoform.
T. L.-A. Nguyen, S. de Walque, E. Veithen, A. Dekoninck, V. Martinelli, Y. de Launoit, A. Burny, R. Harrod, and C. Van Lint (2007)
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Transcriptional Regulation of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Released from Porcine and Infected Human Cells by Heterotrimeric Protein Complex NF-Y and Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs.
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Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Induces Bovine Leukemia Virus Expression In Vitro and In Vivo.
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Upstream Stimulatory Factors Binding to an E Box Motif in the R Region of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Stimulates Viral Gene Expression.
C. Calomme, T. L.-A. Nguyen, Y. de Launoit, V. Kiermer, L. Droogmans, A. Burny, and C. Van Lint (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 8775-8789
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Suboptimal Enhancer Sequences Are Required for Efficient Bovine Leukemia Virus Propagation In Vivo: Implications for Viral Latency.
C. Merezak, C. Pierreux, E. Adam, F. Lemaigre, G. G. Rousseau, C. Calomme, C. Van Lint, D. Christophe, P. Kerkhofs, A. Burny, et al. (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 6977-6988
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Assessment of Bovine Leukemia Virus Transcripts In Vivo.
J. Rovnak and J. W. Casey (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 8890-8897
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R Region Sequences in the Long Terminal Repeat of a Murine Retrovirus Specifically Increase Expression of Unspliced RNAs.
A. M. Trubetskoy, S. A. Okenquist, and J. Lenz (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 3477-3483
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The Secondary Structure of the R Region of a Murine Leukemia Virus Is Important for Stimulation of Long Terminal Repeat-Driven Gene Expression.
L. Cupelli, S. A. Okenquist, A. Trubetskoy, and J. Lenz (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 7807-7814
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An Interferon Regulatory Factor Binding Site in the U5 Region of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Stimulates Tax-Independent Gene Expression.
V. Kiermer, C. Van Lint, D. Briclet, C. Vanhulle, R. Kettmann, E. Verdin, A. Burny, and L. Droogmans (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 5526-5534
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In Vivo Protein Binding and Functional Analysis of cis-Acting Elements in the U3 Region of the Bovine Leukemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat.
J. Xiao and G. C. Buehring (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 5994-6003
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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