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Science 21 March 1986:
Vol. 231. no. 4744, pp. 1411 - 1414
DOI: 10.1126/science.231.4744.1411
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Articles
Overview of VEGA Venus Balloon in Situ Meteorological Measurements
R. Z. SAGDEEV 1,
V. M. LINKIN 1,
V. V. KERZHANOVICH 1,
A. N. LIPATOV 1,
A. A. SHURUPOV 1,
J. E. BLAMONT 2,
D. CRISP 3,
A. P. INGERSOLL 3,
L. S. ELSON 4,
R. A. PRESTON 4,
C. E. HILDEBRAND 4,
B. RAGENT 5,
A. SEIFF 5,
R. E. YOUNG 5,
G. PETIT 6,
L. BOLOH 7,
YU. N. ALEXANDROV 8,
N. A. ARMAND 8,
R. V. BAKITKO 8, and
A. S. SELIVANOV 9
1 Space Research Institute, 117810 Moscow, U.S.S.R.
2 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 75039 Paris Cedix 01, France.
3 Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
4 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91109.
5 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.
6 Institut Geographique National S.G.N.M., 2 Avenue Pasteur, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
7 Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 31055 Toulouse Cedex, France.
8 Institute of Radio and Electronics, Academy of Sciences, 103907 Moscow, U.S.S.R.
9 State Center for Study of Natural Resources, State Meteorology Committee, 123376 Moscow, U.S.S.R.
The VEGA balloons made in situ measurements of pressure, temperature, vertical wind velocity, ambient light, frequency of lightning, and cloud particle backscatter. Both balloons encountered highly variable atmospheric conditions, with periods of intense vertical winds occurring sporadically throughout their flights. Downward winds as large as 3.5 meters per second occasionally forced the balloons to descend as much as 2.5 kilometers below their equilibrium float altitudes. Large variations, in pressure, temperature, ambient light level, and cloud particle backscatter (VEGA-1 only) correlated well during these excursions, indicating that these properties were strong functions of altitude in those parts of the middle cloud layer sampled by the balloons.
Submitted on October 23, 1985
Accepted on January 24, 1986
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
- Venus: Dead or Alive?.
- H. A. Taylor, H. A. TAYLOR JR., and P. A. CLOUTIER (1986)
Science
234, 1087-1093
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- VEGA Balloon System and Instrumentation.
- R. S. KREMNEV, V. M. LINKIN, A. N. LIPATOV, K. M. PICHKADZE, A. A. SHURUPOV, A. V. TERTERASHVILI, R. V. BAKITKO, J. E. BLAMONT, C. MALIQUE, B. RAGENT, et al. (1986)
Science
231, 1408-1411
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- Determination of Venus Winds by Ground-Based Radio Tracking of the VEGA Balloons.
- R. A. PRESTON, C. E. HILDEBRAND, G. H. PURCELL JR., J. ELLIS, C. T. STELZRIED, S. G. FINLEY, R. Z. SAGDEEV, V. M. LINKIN, V. V. KERZHANOVICH, V. I. ALTUNIN, et al. (1986)
Science
231, 1414-1416
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- VEGA Balloon Dynamics and Vertical Winds in the Venus Middle Cloud Region.
- V. M. LINKIN, V. V. KERZHANOVICH, A. N. LIPATOV, K. M. PICHKADZE, A. A. SHURUPOV, A. V. TERTERASHVILI, A. P. INGERSOLI, D. CRISP, A. W. GROSSMAN,, R. E. YOUNG, et al. (1986)
Science
231, 1417-1419
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- Thermal Structure of the Venus Atmosphere in the Middle Cloud Layer.
- V. M. LINKIN, V. V. KERZHANOVICH, A. N. LIPATOV, A. A. SHURUPOV, A. SEIFF, B. RAGENT, R. E. YOUNG, A. P. INGERSOLL, D. CRISP, L. S. ELSON, et al. (1986)
Science
231, 1420-1422
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- Implications of the VEGA Balloon Results for Venus Atmospheric Dynamics.
- J. E. BLAMONT, R. E. YOUNG, A. SEIFF, B. RAGENT, R. SAGDEEV, V. M. LINKIN, V. V. KERZHANOVICH, A. P. INGERSOLL, D. CRISP, L. S. ELSON, et al. (1986)
Science
231, 1422-1425
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