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Science 1 February 1985:
Vol. 227. no. 4686, pp. 469 - 479
DOI: 10.1126/science.227.4686.469
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Articles
Glacier Surge Mechanism: 1982-1983 Surge of Variegated Glacier, Alaska
Barclay Kamb 1,
C. F. Raymond 2,
W. D. Harrison 3,
Hermann Engelhardt 4,
K. A. Echelmeyer 5,
N. Humphrey 6,
M. M. Brugman 7, and
T. Pfeffer 7
1 Professor in the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
2 Professor in the Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
3 Professor in the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 99701.
4 Senior research fellow in the Institut für Geophysik, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität,& Münster, Federal Republic of Germany.
5 Research fellow California Institute of Technology.
6 Graduate student at California Institute of Technology.
7 Graduate students at the University of Washington.
The hundredfold speedup in glacier motion in a surge of the kind the kind that took place in Variegated Glacier in 1982-1983 is caused by the buildup of high water pressure in the basal passageway system, which is made possible by a fundamental and pervasive change in the geometry and water-transport characteristics of this system. The behavior of the glacier in surge has many remarkable features, which can provide clues to a detailed theory of the surging process. The surge mechanism is akin to a proposed mechanism of overthrust faulting.
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