Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Site Tools

  • AAAS
  • Subscribe
  • Feedback

Site Search

Search Advanced

Science 7 December 1984:
Vol. 226. no. 4679, pp. 1165 - 1171
DOI: 10.1126/science.6095449
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Articles

Science, Vol 226, Issue 4679, 1165-1171
Copyright © 1984 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome

GM Shaw, BH Hahn, SK Arya, JE Groopman, RC Gallo, and F Wong-Staal

The human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) appears to be central to the causation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two full-length integrated proviral DNA forms of HTLV-III have now been cloned and analyzed, and DNA sequences of the virus in cell lines and fresh tissues from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) have been characterized. The results revealed that (i) HTLV-III is an exogenous human retrovirus, approximately 10 kilobases in length, that lacks nucleic acid sequences derived from normal human DNA; (ii) HTLV-III, unlike HTLV types I and II, shows substantial diversity in its genomic restriction enzyme cleavage pattern; (iii) HTLV-III persists in substantial amounts in cells as unintegrated linear DNA, an uncommon property that has been linked to the cytopathic effects of certain animal retroviruses; and (iv) HTLV-III viral DNA can be detected in low levels in fresh (primary) lymphoid tissue of a minority of patients with AIDS or ARC but appears not to be present in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. These findings have important implications concerning the biological properties of HTLV-III and the pathophysiology of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.


THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Restoration of the antiviral activity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) against AZT-resistant human immunodeficiency virus by delivery of engineered thymidylate kinase to T cells.
A. Lavie, Y. Su, M. Ghassemi, R. M. Novak, M. Caffrey, N. Sekulic, C. Monnerjahn, M. Konrad, and J. L. Cook (2008)
J. Gen. Virol. 89, 1672-1679
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Induces DNA Replication Stress In Vitro and In Vivo.
E. S. Zimmerman, M. P. Sherman, J. L. Blackett, J. A. Neidleman, C. Kreis, P. Mundt, S. A. Williams, M. Warmerdam, J. Kahn, F. M. Hecht, et al. (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 10407-10418
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Vpu and tsg101 regulate intracellular targeting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core protein precursor pr55gag..
K. Harila, I. Prior, M. Sjoberg, A. Salminen, J. Hinkula, and M. Suomalainen (2006)
J. Virol. 80, 3765-3772
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nef expressed from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 extrachromosomal DNA downregulates CD4 on primary CD4+ T lymphocytes: implications for integrase inhibitors.
L. Gillim-Ross, A. Cara, and M. E. Klotman (2005)
J. Gen. Virol. 86, 765-771
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Early Transcription from Nonintegrated DNA in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.
Y. Wu and J. W. Marsh (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 10376-10382
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mechanisms of CD4+ T lymphocyte cell death in human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS.
J. B. Alimonti, T. B. Ball, and K. R. Fowke (2003)
J. Gen. Virol. 84, 1649-1661
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Stimulation of Tat-independent transcriptional processivity from the HIV-1 LTR promoter by matrix attachment regions.
S. Rampalli, A. Kulkarni, P. Kumar, D. Mogare, S. Galande, D. Mitra, and S. Chattopadhyay (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 3248-3256
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Three NFAT Binding Motifs in the 5'-Upstream Region of the Human CD3gamma Gene That Differentially Bind NFATc1, NFATc2, and NF-kappa B p50.
B. M. Badran, S. M. Wolinsky, A. Burny, and K. E. Willard-Gallo (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47136-47148
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Protein Does Not Modulate Surface Expression of the CD4 Receptor.
E. Arganaraz, M. J. Cortes, S. Leibel, and J. Lama (2002)
J. Virol. 76, 4125-4130
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Rapid and Extensive beta -Chemokine Synthesis in Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and gp120, Independently of Their Coreceptor Phenotype.
W. Choe, D. J. Volsky, and M. J. Potash (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 10738-10745
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 IIIB Selected for Replication In Vivo Exhibits Increased Envelope Glycoproteins in Virions without Alteration in Coreceptor Usage: Separation of In Vivo Replication from Macrophage Tropism.
E. D. Miller, K. M. Duus, M. Townsend, Y. Yi, R. Collman, M. Reitz, and L. Su (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 8498-8506
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Separation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication from nef-Mediated Pathogenesis in the Human Thymus.
K. M. Duus, E. D. Miller, J. A. Smith, G. I. Kovalev, and L. Su (2001)
J. Virol. 75, 3916-3924
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Long Terminal Repeat Regions from Exogenous but Not Endogenous Feline Leukemia Viruses Transactivate Cellular Gene Expression.
S. K. Ghosh, P. Roy-Burman, and D. V. Faller (2000)
J. Virol. 74, 9742-9748
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Spread of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 AG recombinant lineages in Africa.
M. Cornelissen, R. van den Burg, F. Zorgdrager, and J. Goudsmit (2000)
J. Gen. Virol. 81, 515-523
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Polymorphisms of the Cell Surface Receptor Control Mouse Susceptibilities to Xenotropic and Polytropic Leukemia Viruses.
M. Marin, C. S. Tailor, A. Nouri, S. L. Kozak, and D. Kabat (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 9362-9368
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of CXCR4 in Cell-Cell Fusion and Infection of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Strains: Two Distinct Mechanisms of HIV-1 Dual Tropism.
Y. Yi, S. N. Isaacs, D. A. Williams, I. Frank, D. Schols, E. De Clercq, D. L. Kolson, and R. G. Collman (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 7117-7125
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Progesterone-Induced Inhibition of Chemokine Receptor Expression on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Correlates with Reduced HIV-1 Infectability In Vitro.
N. Vassiliadou, L. Tucker, and D. J. Anderson (1999)
J. Immunol. 162, 7510-7518
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Infection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Increases Expression of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor in T Cells: Implications for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Associated Vasculopathy.
G. Ascherl, C. Hohenadl, O. Schatz, E. Shumay, J. Bogner, L. Eckhart, E. Tschachler, P. Monini, B. Ensoli, and M. Sturzl (1999)
Blood 93, 4232-4241
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Produces a Defect in CD3-gamma Gene Transcripts Similar to That Observed for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.
I. Segura, C. Delmelle-Wibaut, M. Janssens, Y. Cleuter, A. van den Broeke, R. Kettmann, and K. E. Willard-Gallo (1999)
J. Virol. 73, 5207-5213
   Abstract »    Full Text »
Determinants of Entry Cofactor Utilization and Tropism in a Dualtropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolate.
R. J. Smyth, Y. Yi, A. Singh, and R. G. Collman (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 4478-4484
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Human Rhinovirus Type 14:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) V3 Loop Chimeras from a Combinatorial Library Induce Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses against HIV-1.
A. D. Smith, S. C. Geisler, A. A. Chen, D. A. Resnick, B. M. Roy, P. J. Lewi, E. Arnold, and G. F. Arnold (1998)
J. Virol. 72, 651-659
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Therapeutic hyperthermia.
S. K Alpard, R. A Vertrees, Weike Tao, D. J Deyo, R. L Brunston JR, and J. B Zwischenberger (1996)
Perfusion 11, 425-435
   PDF »
Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection.
M. Bukrinsky, T. Stanwick, M. Dempsey, and M Stevenson (1991)
Science 254, 423-427
   Abstract »    PDF »
Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1.
S. Hwang, T. Boyle, H. Lyerly, and B. Cullen (1991)
Science 253, 71-74
   Abstract »    PDF »
LAV revisited: origins of the early HIV-1 isolates from Institut Pasteur.
S Wain-Hobson, J. Vartanian, M Henry, N Chenciner, R Cheynier, S Delassus, L. Martins, M Sala, M. Nugeyre, D Guetard, et al. (1991)
Science 252, 961-965
   Abstract »    PDF »
Infection of the SCID-hu mouse by HIV-1.
R Namikawa, H Kaneshima, M Lieberman, I. Weissman, and J. McCune (1988)
Science 242, 1684-1686
   Abstract »    PDF »
Unexpectedly high levels of HIV-1 RNA and protein synthesis in a cytocidal infection.
M Somasundaran and H. Robinson (1988)
Science 242, 1554-1557
   Abstract »    PDF »
HIV is not the cause of AIDS.
P Duesberg (1988)
Science 241, 514
   PDF »
Type-restricted neutralization of molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus.
D. Looney, A. Fisher, S. Putney, Rusche JR, R. Redfield, D. Burke, R. Gallo, and F Wong-Staal (1988)
Science 241, 357-359
   Abstract »    PDF »
West African HIV-2-related human retrovirus with attenuated cytopathicity.
L. Kong, S. Lee, J. Kappes, J. Parkin, D Decker, J. Hoxie, B. Hahn, and G. Shaw (1988)
Science 240, 1525-1529
   Abstract »    PDF »
The human immunodeficiency virus: infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenesis.
A. Fauci (1988)
Science 239, 617-622
   Abstract »    PDF »
Risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection among laboratory workers.
S. Weiss, J. Goedert, S Gartner, M Popovic, D Waters, P Markham, F di Marzo Veronese, M. Gail, W. Barkley, J Gibbons, et al. (1988)
Science 239, 68-71
   Abstract »    PDF »
The sor gene of HIV-1 is required for efficient virus transmission in vitro.
A. Fisher, B Ensoli, L Ivanoff, M Chamberlain, S Petteway, L Ratner, R. Gallo, and F Wong-Staal (1987)
Science 237, 888-893
   Abstract »    PDF »
Dual infection of the central nervous system by AIDS viruses with distinct cellular tropisms.
Y Koyanagi, S Miles, R. Mitsuyasu, J. Merrill, H. Vinters, and I. Chen (1987)
Science 236, 819-822
   Abstract »    PDF »
Expression of the art/trs protein of HIV and study of its role in viral envelope synthesis.
D. Knight, F. Flomerfelt, and J Ghrayeb (1987)
Science 236, 837-840
   Abstract »    PDF »
Developmental Therapeutics and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
V. T. DEVITA Jr., S. BRODER, A. S. FAUCI, J. A. KOVACS, and B. A. CHABNER (1987)
Ann Intern Med 106, 568-581
   Abstract »    PDF »
Alterations in T4 (CD4) protein and mRNA synthesis in cells infected with HIV.
J. Hoxie, J. Alpers, J. Rackowski, K Huebner, B. Haggarty, A. Cedarbaum, and J. Reed (1986)
Science 234, 1123-1127
   Abstract »    PDF »
Virus Isolation From and Identification of HTLV-III/LAV-Producing Cells in Brain Tissue From a Patient With AIDS.
S. Gartner, P. Markovits, D. M. Markovitz, R. F. Betts, and M. Popovic (1986)
JAMA 256, 2365-2371
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Safety of the Hepatitis B Vaccine: Inactivation of the AIDS Virus During Routine Vaccine Manufacture.
D. P. Francis, P. M. Feorino, S. McDougal, D. Warfield, J. Getchell, C. Cabradilla, M. Tong, W. J. Miller, L. D. Schultz, F. J. Bailey, et al. (1986)
JAMA 256, 869-872
   Abstract »    PDF »
Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects.
A. Fisher, L Ratner, H Mitsuya, L. Marselle, M. Harper, S Broder, R. Gallo, and F Wong-Staal (1986)
Science 233, 655-659
   Abstract »    PDF »
The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection.
S Gartner, P Markovits, D. Markovitz, M. Kaplan, R. Gallo, and M Popovic (1986)
Science 233, 215-219
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS.
B. Hahn, G. Shaw, M. Taylor, R. Redfield, P. Markham, S. Salahuddin, F Wong-Staal, R. Gallo, E. Parks, and W. Parks (1986)
Science 232, 1548-1553
   Abstract »    PDF »
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III Infection in a Cohort of Homosexual Men in New York City.
C. E. Stevens, P. E. Taylor, E. A. Zang, J. M. Morrison, E. J. Harley, S. R. de Cordoba, C. Bacino, R. C. Y. Ting, A. J. Bodner, M. G. Sarngadharan, et al. (1986)
JAMA 255, 2167-2172
   Abstract »    PDF »
New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM).
P. Kanki, F Barin, S M'Boup, J. Allan, J. Romet-Lemonne, R Marlink, M. McLane, T. Lee, B Arbeille, F Denis, et al. (1986)
Science 232, 238-243
   Abstract »    PDF »
Replicative and cytopathic potential of HTLV-III/LAV with sor gene deletions.
J Sodroski, W. Goh, C Rosen, A Tartar, D Portetelle, A Burny, and W Haseltine (1986)
Science 231, 1549-1553
   Abstract »    PDF »
Antiserum to a synthetic peptide recognizes the HTLV-III envelope glycoprotein.
R. Kennedy, R. Henkel, D Pauletti, J. Allan, T. Lee, M Essex, and G. Dreesman (1986)
Science 231, 1556-1559
   Abstract »    PDF »
HTLV-III gag protein is processed in yeast cells by the virus pol-protease.
R. Kramer, M. Schaber, A. Skalka, K Ganguly, F Wong-Staal, and E. Reddy (1986)
Science 231, 1580-1584
   Abstract »    PDF »
Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule.
J. McDougal, M. Kennedy, J. Sligh, S. Cort, A Mawle, and J. Nicholson (1986)
Science 231, 382-385
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genomic heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from North America and Zaire.
S Benn, R Rutledge, T Folks, J Gold, L Baker, J McCormick, P Feorino, P Piot, T Quinn, and M Martin (1985)
Science 230, 949-951
   Abstract »    PDF »
A Human T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus (HTLV-III) as the Cause of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
R. C. GALLO and F. WONG-STAAL (1985)
Ann Intern Med 103, 679-689
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene.
F. Veronese, A. DeVico, T. Copeland, S Oroszlan, R. Gallo, and M. Sarngadharan (1985)
Science 229, 1402-1405
   Abstract »    PDF »
Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
F Wong-Staal, G. Shaw, B. Hahn, S. Salahuddin, M Popovic, P Markham, R Redfield, and R. Gallo (1985)
Science 229, 759-762
   Abstract »    PDF »
Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
S. Arya, C Guo, S. Josephs, and F Wong-Staal (1985)
Science 229, 69-73
   Abstract »    PDF »
The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: An Update.
A. S. FAUCI, H. MASUR, E. P. GELMANN, P. D. MARKHAM, B. H. HAHN, and H. C. LANE (1985)
Ann Intern Med 102, 800-813
   Abstract »    PDF »
Major glycoprotein antigens that induce antibodies in AIDS patients are encoded by HTLV-III.
J. Allan, J. Coligan, F Barin, M. McLane, J. Sodroski, C. Rosen, W. Haseltine, T. Lee, and M Essex (1985)
Science 228, 1091-1094
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of envelope and core structural gene products of HTLV-III with sera from AIDS patients.
W. Robey, B Safai, S Oroszlan, L. Arthur, M. Gonda, R. Gallo, and P. Fischinger (1985)
Science 228, 593-595
   Abstract »    PDF »
Characterization of long terminal repeat sequences of HTLV-III.
B Starcich, L Ratner, S. Josephs, T Okamoto, R. Gallo, and F Wong-Staal (1985)
Science 227, 538-540
   Abstract »    PDF »
HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy.
G. Shaw, M. Harper, B. Hahn, L. Epstein, D. Gajdusek, R. Price, B. Navia, C. Petito, C. O'Hara, J. Groopman, et al. (1985)
Science 227, 177-182
   Abstract »    PDF »
Directing the Immune Response to Carbohydrate Antigens.
G. Cunto-Amesty, T. K. Dam, P. Luo, B. Monzavi-Karbassi, C. F. Brewer, T. C. Van Cott, and T. Kieber-Emmons (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 30490-30498
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Palmitoylation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is critical for viral infectivity.
I. Rousso, M. B. Mixon, B. K. Chen, and P. S. Kim (2000)
PNAS 97, 13523-13525
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)